Children Parents and Family needs Essay

E1 Explain the necessities of families which may need proficient help. Families may have an assortment of necessities, where they need proficient help. Families with countless kids might not have the necessary measure of living space, this could imply that kids are sharing beds, or guardians are not dozing in a room. Youngsters will absence of rest are demonstrated to think less and grow more slow. Families that are enduring with neediness will be unable to bear the cost of a house or stand to take care of the tabs. This is the place the family will increase money related help, for example, lodging benefits, their chamber assessment will be paid for them leaving them to pay for water, gas and power. In some cases this assistance still isn’t enough so families abandon warming or heated water meaning they aren’t meeting their fundamental consideration needs. Inside the network there will be numerous territories that will offer families in this circumstance help. They incorporate, sure beginning places, food banks, the congregation and different families. Families in this circumstance profit by living in a comprehensive network, where the territory is protected and liberated from wrongdoing, be it hostile to social conduct of older folks or racial provocation. Most territories have a network bolster officials that the kids will get acquainted with in school or when out on the lanes playing. On the off chance that a family is new to the zone and are of an alternate culture they may battle to pick up help, because of provocation, or absence of correspondence, be it language issues, or no telephone. Cash is by all accounts the fundamental driver of a large portion of the necessities that need support. E2 Explain the issues which may prompt worry in families. There are numerous issues which may prompt or cause worry in a family, these can incorporate, deprivation, fresh introductions, a handicapped relative, joblessness and destitution. Loss hugy affects kids just as grown-ups; anyway youngsters don’t consistently show that they are being influenced. Mourning will influence the family in various manners relying upon who has passed on. In the event that the perished is a solid fundamental relative, for example, a kin or a primary carer the youngster will be influenced immensely, this will affect their entire daily schedule. This could be on the grounds that they are accustomed to looking that individual, or they are utilized to that individual taking care of them. Another appearance can cause worry all through the family, between the essential carers and between kin, possibly among youngsters and carers. A child causes worry between all connections in a family. The essential carers may start to contend this is on the grounds that the kid has assumed control over their day; they may become layered significance their state of mind changes and contentions crop up. Different kids in the family may understand left and begin to hate the fresh introduction. This can make more seasoned kids begin getting out of hand and more youthful youngsters may hurt the new infant. A handicapped relative will cause worry between the relatives, this could be through others meddling, or individuals getting a handle on left. At the point when an incapacitated relative needs a great deal of care and consideration it assumes control over the families schedule. At the point when the fundamental carers become jobless it causes worry among them and all through the family. A change I routine can influence all the family just as the individual getting jobless. On the off chance that that person’s salary was utilized to take care of tabs, at that point the family may get destitute, they may need to live in a safe house or surprisingly more dreadful the roads. Destitution causes weight on all the family they will begin to curtail benefits, this can cause tormenting in schools when mufti-day is concerned. E3 Explain the job of guardians in children’s play and distinguish suitable assets and toys. The parent’s job is to keep the youngster safe and give them many play openings for the duration of the day. This will vary and change in regards to the child’s age and capacities. The youngster will create at their own speed implying that they will require various assets to empower improvement. It is accepted that kids learn best through play so disregarding the offspring of play is possibly preventing the youngster from adapting steadily. It is significant that the assets are age proper for the kids; this is for wellbeing and security generally because of little parts which may prompt stifling. It is significant that the toys are working appropriately as well, as though the toy should work for all to hear and streak the youngster won't capitalize on the toy and will lose enthusiasm meaning they won't create. In the initial hardly any months of a baby’s life, when they can’t sit up or get objects babies like things that sing and move, for example, mobiles. It is acceptable to search for mobiles with high-differentiate hues and examples. Numerous children are especially attached to mobiles that play music. Little hand held toys, for example, clatters are acceptable at this age as they will learn in the event that they move their hand they are making the clamor. Having delicate music or nursery rhymes playing while communicating with the youngster will permit the parent to perceive how the child reacts to music. Children like to see their own refection so a plastic mirror permits them to play securely. Delicate books with tangible segments are useful for infants to investigate, at this age it is as a rule with their mouths rather than their fingers be that as it may if it’s boisterous they will scrunch the book to make commotion. As they get more seasoned (a half year) the infant will have new needs and guardians ought to satisfy them to as well as can be expected. Children appreciate play mats and action bars. These normally contain toys that dangle over the offspring of are around the kid when they are resting this will support physical turn of events. Action bars are useful for playing progressing in vehicles or in prams. Teddy’s become to a greater degree a solace if the youngster has it continually with the goal that when they are heading off to some place diverse they have a home solace which is recognizable to them. Elastic toys, for example, ducks will permit kids to bite and investigate while giving amusement while squeaking if being held. Thick hard board books will permit youngsters to help attempt and turn pages and they will appreciate tuning in to the story just as taking a gander at pictures. At a year the child will begin to move more they will have increase a ton of solidarity in their arms and legs and toys, for example, enormous structure blocks; push and pull toys; arranging and settling toys; climbing rec centers; balls; pastels; ride on toys; kitchens and picture books. E4 Describe the advantages of correspondence between youngsters, guardians and experts. It is helpful to youngsters, guardians and experts to have great correspondence and an expert relationship. This can be acceptable in light of the fact that occasionally guardians get a handle on left and feel they are not settling on choices on their child’s life. These choices can be their main event, what they eat, regardless of whether they find out about various societies on the off chance that they are engaged with exercises, for example, sex training and exercises including festivities, for example, Christmas and Easter. In the event that a family had an alternate social foundation their convictions might be unique, implying that their family may not need them to learn or participate in bubbly exercises. A few societies have certain food that they can’t eat this is significant that it is imparted to setting with the goal that we can regard their desires and maintain their religions to as well as can be expected. By regarding the family specialists can keep the consistency of care the kid is getting at home. Which means disarray is improbable. Professionals ought to have great associations with the youngsters in their setting, if that kid is one of their key kids it is significant that the specialist constructs a relationship of trust so the kid can come to them with any issue or trouble they might be having. Correspondence can be face to face, anyway once in a while guardians don't have a similar language as we do as such for this situation letter structure in their first language is valuable. My setting have a child book that they send home every late evening giving the parent the data they need, for example, what they have done, what they have eaten, their solid discharges, the amount they have dozed and on the off chance that they have had any wounds, they will likewise be given a duplicate of the mishap structure. E5 Discuss abilities and techniques which are viable in supporting families. There are numerous manners by which settings can bolster families adequately. Setting can bolster families by speaking with them as and when required they can keep them refreshed on their child’s progress and what's going on by, text, email, letter, pamphlet and some will do it face to face. Families can likewise speak with settings so they can demand they bolster they need. This can be for a brief timeframe or long haul because of the earnestness of the issue. Giving reasonable assets, for example, books or story sacks will imply that the setting is supporting the family help the kid learn at home. This is by permitting kids to bring home stories to peruse or by giving them the story sack so have a play with. Story sacks can help when the kid is learning another story such a little red riding hood. In the sack will be toys that will permit them to play and re-sanction the story. They can at times be given maths exercises and games if the youngster is inadequate in a specific territory making their learning a good time for all the family. Settings can likewise acquaint new administrations with the family on the off chance that they need additional support; these can incorporate family bolster officials, social laborers and therapists. This can be for some reasons however will be at first to help the family. E6 Describe the sorts of help and data accessible to guardians and families. C1 Evaluate the sorts of help which will empower guardians to address the issues of their youngsters â€Å"We have characterized ‘family support’ as all administrations which mean to advance family prosperity by improving connections in families and improving principles of living.†(Bruce.T. pg 32 2007) Children’s focuses were giving a wide scope of such administrations

Cryptography: Theories, Functions and Strategies

Cryptography: Theories, Functions and Strategies Theoretical Advanced marking is a component for confirming the inception and the honesty of electronically transmitted data. During the time spent carefully marking, extra data called an advanced mark is added to the given archive, determined utilizing the substance of the record and some private key. At a later stage, this data can be utilized to check the cause of the marked archive. The scientific base of the advanced marking of reports is open key cryptography. This work presents the hypothesis behind computerized marks, signature plans and assaults on marks and gives an overview of utilization territories of the advanced marking innovation. Also, there are lab practices created in Mathlab, to strengthen the comprehension of this innovation. 1. Presentation The Concise Oxford Dictionary (2006) characterizes cryptography as the specialty of composing or comprehending codes, anyway present day cryptography doesn't met this definition. Thusly, this work begins with a writing audit characterizing some key ideas, similar to what cryptography and cryptographic framework are and the various kinds of cryptographic framework are introduced. The other fascinating and starter idea is the thought of cryptosystem capacities which are likewise talked about in the early on segment. Moreover, it is expressed that open key encryption speaks to a transformation in the field of cryptography, and this work represents some essential definitions on this theme attempting to clarify the hypothesis behind. The remainder of the writing survey is focused on open key cryptography and it centers around the hypothesis behind computerized marks, signature plans and assaults on marks. Lastly, the writing audit presents a study of use regions on advanced marks. One piece of the commitment of this work, is an outline of the safe hash standard (SHS) and usage of the protected hash calculation (SHA-1), required for use with advanced mark calculations. The principle part however, is the execution of AES and RSA by using Mathlab. The code of every one of these usage is altogether talked about and clarified in this work. Besides, an examination is likewise introduced along these lines. 2. Cryptography The Greek words â€Å"kryptâ'os† representing â€Å"hidden† and the word â€Å"lâ'ogos† that implies â€Å"word†, are fundamentally the base from where the word cryptology was inferred. As these words signify, cryptology can be best clarified by the significance â€Å"hidden word†. In this unique circumstance, the first reason behind cryptology is concealing the significance of some particular blend of words which thusly would protect mystery and classification. This is a constrained perspective in today’s viewpoint and a wide scope of security applications and issues presently go under the term of cryptology (rest of the bit of this area will explain this perspective). As field of numerical science, Cryptology incorporates the investigation of both cryptanalysis just as cryptography. On one hand, cryptography is an exceptionally expansive term and speaks to any procedure utilized for information assurance. Then again, the investigation of security related issues and the probabilities of breaking the cryptographic frameworks and a strategy is known as cryptanalysis. By making reference to (Shirey, 2000), the field cryptanalysis can be best portrayed as the â€Å"mathematical science that manages examination of a cryptographic framework so as to pick up information expected to break or go around the assurance that the framework is intended to provide.† In straightforward words, cryptanalyst can be viewed as the rival of the cryptographer for example he/she needs to get around the security which cryptographer formulated on his/her part. (Buchmann, 2004) claims that a cryptographic framework (or in short a cryptosystem) depicts â€Å"a set of cryptographic calculations along with the key administration forms that help utilization of the calculations in some application context.† This is a different clarification that incorporates a wide range of cryptographic calculations just as conventions. Be that as it may, shrouded parameters like cryptographic keys could possibly be utilized by a cryptographic framework (Delfs, 2007). Correspondingly, members of the experiencing correspondence might share those mystery parameters. Consequently, cryptographic can be grouped into following three sorts: a cryptographic framework wherein no mystery parameters are utilized (called an un-keyed cryptosystem); a cryptosystem which utilizes mystery parameters and simultaneously shares the parameters between the members (known as a mystery key cryptographic framework); and a framework that uses the mystery parameters, yet not impa rting them to the members (called an open key cryptographic framework) (Shirey, 2000; Buchmann, 2004). Cryptography targets planning and actualizing cryptographic frameworks and using such frameworks which are secure viably. The initial a conventional definition about the term cryptography dates from generally past time. In those days, the methodology known by the name â€Å"security through obscurity† was being utilized (Dent, 2004). There are a ton of models dependent on this methodology by which security of the framework was improved by keeping inside working and structure mystery. Dominant part of those frameworks don't fill the need and security likely could be abused. The Kerckhoffs’ rule is an extremely well known cryptographic rule which expresses that (Kerckhoffs, 1883): â€Å"Except for parameters plainly characterized to be mystery, similar to the cryptographic keys, a cryptosystem must be planned so as to be secure even with the case that the opponent knows all insights regarding the system†. Be that as it may, it may be noticed that one significant perspective is that a cryptosystem is impeccably making sure about hypothetically grounds, yet it may not continue as before when actualized for all intents and purposes. Various prospects of producing assaults on security of such frameworks can emerge while having the commonsense execution (Anderson, 1994). Assaults which utilize abuse of side channel data are the instances of such assaults. On the off chance that a cryptosystem is executed, it can bring about the recovery of side channel data with unknown sources of info and yields (Anderson, 1994). In encryption frameworks, the info is plaintext message in addition to the key, while the particular yield is the figure content. Along these lines, there are risks on data spillage. Force utilization, timing qualities alongside the radiation of different types are a few models in such manner. Then again, side channel assaults are the kinds of system assaults which concentrate si de channel data. Since the mid 1990s there were a wide range of conceivable outcomes have been found by the scientists so as to develop side channel assaults. A couple of models in such manner are the differential force examination (Bonehl, 1997), and deficiency investigation (Biham, 1997; Kocher, 1999) just as the planning assaults (Kocher, 1996). It is a reasonable articulation that any calculation performed on genuine PC frameworks speaks to some physical wonders which can be inspected and examined to give data with respect to the keying material being utilized. Cryptography doesn't assist with adapting to this circumstance on account of the inalienable idea of this issue. 2.1 Cryptosystem capacities Other than the standard arbitrary piece generators just as the hash capacities, there are no mystery parameters that are utilized in cryptosystem capacities. These are the junketed capacities that describe the cryptographic framework capacities. In cryptographic capacities, the components utilized are typically single direction and it is troublesome or practically difficult to transform them. This follows it is anything but difficult to register a cryptographic capacity while it is difficult to reverse the capacities and furthermore to process the consequences of the connections (Kerckhoffs, 1883). It is hard to apply any scientific strategy for transforming the cryptographic framework works such that will be sound and important. For instance, a cryptographic framework capacities, for example, F: X â†' Y is anything but difficult to serenely utilize numerical information to register while it is difficult to utilize the equivalent to upset (Buchmann, 2004; Shirey, 2000). There are numerous instances of single direction works that we can use to show the importance of the cryptosystems. In a circumstance where one has put away numbers on the phone, calculation of the equivalent is conceivable and simple because of the way that the names are put away in an in order way (Garrett, 2001). In the event that one upsets the relationship of these capacities, it will be difficult to register on the grounds that the numbers are not masterminded numerically in the capacity phonebook. It is outstanding that a great deal of different things that we do in day by day life are practically identical to cryptosystem work as in you can't rearrange or fix them. For instance, on the off chance that one breaks a glass, the procedure is one way since it isn't workable for these pieces to be reestablished together once more (Goldreich, 2004). Correspondingly, when one drops something into water, it isn't for all intents and purposes conceivable to switch the activity of dropp ing this thing (Mao, 2003). The English comparing activity would be to un-drop the thing rather than picking it. Cryptosystem capacities can't be exhibited as simply single direction and this is the spreading point between cryptosystem capacities and this present reality of things and conditions. The just single direction works in arithmetic can be exemplified by discrete exponentiation, particular force and measured square capacities. Open key cryptography utilizes these capacities in its tasks however it has not been all around recorded whether they are extremely single direction or not. There has been banter by and by whether single direction works truly exist in any case or not (Garrett, 2001). In the ongoing day cryptographic conversations a great deal of care ought to be applied when alluding to the single direction works so as not to meddle or

Role of modern technology Essay Example for Free

Job of present day innovation Essay Present day innovation assumes a significant job in our day by day lives, it is the methods for correspondence and amusement. PCs, TVs and cell phones has impacted our lives in various manners, these days everybody conveys a cell phone with access to the Internet. Envision going an entire day without your PDA. Okay have the option to work right? The progression of numerous new sciences has made our lives simpler and increasingly helpful. As our innovation improves, so does our personal satisfaction. For example new wellbeing machines have fundamentally expanded the normal life expectancy for people just as family unit pets. There are applications and machines that individuals can use at home: little gadgets that you can plug into your PC and it will give you an outline of your body; pulse, circulatory strain, Now individuals can simply remain at home and not visit the specialist. Today, innovation impacts everything we might do. We have Facebook, twitter, E-mail, whatsapp, line and numerous other social applications that empower us to remain associated with our separated loved ones in moderate expenses. It has reduced down expenses of voyaging, web based shopping is currently high on rage there is immense assortment of items; it spares time, and items will in general be more affordable on the web. In addition this is useful for the individuals having no opportunity to look for themselves. Likewise now individuals use PCs for the headway of their insight, books are not, at this point the fundamental method to improve the comprehension of a particular issue. Despite the fact that it is said that cutting edge machines causes a ton of contamination that is manhandling nature, mechanics have imagined machines that has profited the earth in different manners, for example the innovations like oil skimmers help make condition cleanup all the more adequately, likewise the cross breed innovation, it is eco-friendly and makes less carbon dioxide outflows than numerous petroleum controlled vehicles. The cross breed innovation is prestigious for unwavering quality and solidness, which can bring about low upkeep costs. All in all I think fast progression of innovation has had an incredible effect on people groups ways of life, the manner in which individuals impart now has significantlyâ changed, the advanced wellbeing machines have spared numerous lives and the ecological issues have been thought of thus presently machines are being imagined which lessens the co2 discharges. Taking a gander at the positive side, in general it has made society surprisingly better and there is no restriction to the improvement of the innovation.

Artistic Appropriation, Copyright and Creativity Literature review

Imaginative Appropriation, Copyright and Creativity - Literature survey Example Arrangement is a sort of assignment. Various pieces of copyrighted works are joined in an arbitrary way to frame an entirely unexpected and new work not recently existed. Point This writing survey means to investigate the diverse scholars’ sees in the kindness of the explanation that cutting edge extent of copyright limits the way of life of collection and visual expressions allotment just as the perspectives on researchers against this idea. Targets 1. What is the idea of allotment? 2. What is the cutting edge translation of a copyright? 3. What is the effect of copyright on the inventiveness and headway of masterful information? 4. How practice of allocation can make due in the mechanical age? 5. What are the elective ways to deal with utilize copyrighted works without depending on an encroachment? 6. What works are appropriated and are viewed as enforceable in the official courtrooms? 7. Are there any hypotheses for copyright and reasonable use? 8. Is there any case law acc essible identified with apportionment and copyrights? 9. Who are the creators for the announcement and against it? Writing Review Lankford (2011) investigated the historical backdrop of the act of appropriating visual expressions. He contended that this training goes back to Greeks period who developed the procedure of allotment. ... The creator further saw that thus, the craftsman uninhibitedly appropriated different attempts to shape a composition work (Cohen, 2011; p.89). The cutting edge copyright law has its underlying foundations in the Statute of Anne of 1710 that perceived creator rights in a certain yet constrained way (Pedley, 2005). Hampel (1992) contended in the kindness of artist’s allotment. He proposed that the allocation doesn't deny the copyright holders of their copyrights and any of their budgetary advantages. Accordingly, Hampel (1992) necessitated that they ought to be allowed to utilize the different artist’s works without looking for approval or permitting. Besides, Meyers (2006) featured that the copyrights law demoralizes the craftsmen to grow and improve in their works. The creator mightily couldn't help contradicting the permitting and approval prerequisites to start an assignment of visual expressions, which delays the time allotment for its culmination. Davies (2010) a b acker of copyright law gives that the term copyright actually implies the option to duplicate. He proposed that the apportionment of visual expressions as a montage work is a copyrightable topic as it is an articulation in physical structure rather than a negligible thought that has no physical structure for guaranteeing protected innovation rights over it. He gave that when a work is applied for copyright enrollment, the Intellectual Property Office of United Kingdom looks at the work as far as its innovation, level of work, aptitude or judgment showed by the work. Davies (2010) given that the work must be unique and ought not be like others copyrighted work else it will end up being an encroachment of other’s copyright. The

Personal Philosophy of Nursing Free Essays

Nursing is a calling that needs a fearlessness, sympathy, and persistence. It isn't simply a question of offering help to the specialists nor an orderly to the medical clinic units. Medical caretakers are specialist themselves. We will compose a custom exposition test on Individual Philosophy of Nursing or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now They are the ones who do the checking and thinking about the persistence. They help the evil to recoup truly as well as intellectually given the way that they are the ones who remain there adjacent to the persistence. Their essence are extraordinary assistance in recuperation of each persistence, that is the reason, a medical caretaker ought not just perform or carry out the responsibility of being an attendant only for satisfying that calling. Rather, a medical attendant, with worth empathy ought to have the option to relate with others for better achieving of the activity. Anybody could nurture the evil individual however lawfully, proficient medical attendants are the ones who could honestly check an evil individual restricted in clinics since they are the ones who are into the nursing practice and are educated and gifted enough to carry out the responsibility. In a point of view of an expert medical attendant, an individual goes past the organic definition in normal. Or maybe, it is an individual that merits an equivalent treatment among individuals in the general public. Regardless of what their status in the social layers, there ought to consistently be an equivalent treatment of individuals particularly with regards to wellbeing administration. That is the reason, it is significant for each medical caretaker to be progressively proficient in their activity and accordingly, ought not be one-sided in any cases. The wellbeing is imperative to screen for a medical caretaker. It is the condition of the body or state of the body preferably liberated from any sicknesses and perils of any sort of ailment while in a perfect world, is the attendant first objective for the patients. In any wellbeing training, a medical attendant has the obligation to disperse data in keeping up great wellbeing and how to have one. An individual ought to consistently realize how to have a legitimate consideration of his body for him to have a decent wellbeing in order to stay away from sicknesses that may cause poor body condition, or most noticeably awful, passing. The earth is the physical set up of the encompassing. It decides and contributes a ton for the recuperation of one individual who had recently been wiped out. It ought to be favorable enough for renewal of one’s wellbeing. It ought not be a sort of spot that is inclined to perilous components of contamination. Not simply the physical set up here is being checked yet additionally the individuals around are a piece of the condition that is the reason, truly and inwardly, condition is significant perspective in nursing the patient. Reference: Recovered on September 30, 2007 from the Microsoft Encarta 2007. The most effective method to refer to Personal Philosophy of Nursing, Papers Individual Philosophy of Nursing Free Essays A meaning of a Philosophy is â€Å"when somebody thinks about, or ponders, about something that fills in as the plans or aides that joins each individual’s worth and conviction framework. † (Chitty Black, 2007, p. 318) Personal Philosophy of Nursing is the guiding principle and convictions that a medical attendant maintains when dealing with another individual. We will compose a custom paper test on Individual Philosophy of Nursing or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The conviction every individual regardless of what illness, race, or financial status they have will get treated with the most noteworthy respects to empathy, respectability, and regard that they merit. I Melissa Fielding accept that my own nursing reasoning on September 13, 2009 is treat others as I would need to be dealt with. I might want to feel that every individual patient has earned my empathy, honesty, and regard that they merit. I pick nursing as my calling, to have the option to take my empathy, information, qualities and convictions and apply them to the ones who can't deal with themselves. I accept that the very center of nursing is to keep up a decent connection with my patient and to be a patient backer and to treat each individual with poise and regard. My primary concentration for nursing to â€Å"practice empathy and regard in every expert relationship, by esteeming the nobility, worth, and uniqueness of each person, unlimited by contemplations of social or financial status, individual traits, or the idea of the medical issues. †(, 2001, p. 1). I will think about every patient who may not be the most charming patient as a sign that the patient fears not recognizing what is new with them and I will keep up a quiet, proficient and consoling way with them. My vision for myself as a medical attendant is to recollect to â€Å"promote wellbeing and health. †(Core of Nursing, 1999) to those deprived without partiality. I might want to give the best consideration to all patients recalling that they originate from every single distinctive foundation. To experience my way of thinking of nursing, each day I should recall about my patients that I will keep on treating my patients the way that I would need myself or a relative to be treated with permitting them to be associated with the dynamic in regards to their consideration, regard, care, sympathy, and respect. I will keep on including the relatives in the dynamic by being thoughtful to their own sensitivities, needs, support and fears. I will keep on approaching my kindred associates with deference, realizing that they can be an assistance in my qualities and convictions when dealing with patients. I will keep on dealing with my own wellbeing by remaining fit, eating right, and getting a lot of rest which will permit me to be the best medical attendant I can make progress toward along these lines being the best guardian my patients can anticipate. Taking everything into account, I feel that the way of thinking of nursing is a mix of guiding principle, and convictions that instructs us to treat every individual with the regard, sympathy, nobility, and uniqueness, paying little heed to sickness, social or monetary status, or race that they merit. My concentration with every patient will be to permit them to reserve the privilege to be engaged with the dynamic of their consideration just as permitting their relatives to be associated with the dynamic. I will keep up my convictions and qualities by treating each patient, or associate with deference that they merit. I accept that every individual has a reason for living and it takes an extraordinary individual to turn into a medical caretaker. Medical caretakers must have a solid conviction and worth framework so as to give patients the consideration and empathy they so merit. I accept that by proceeding with training and continually searching for better approaches to learn is the very center and theory of nursing. Step by step instructions to refer to Personal Philosophy of Nursing, Essay models

Website Heatmaps Research Paper - 5500 Words

Website Heatmaps (Research Paper Sample) Content: Website HeatmapsIntroductionHeat maps help to track where different individuals are looking on a website. It tells a person that which part of the website is most viewed by the viewers. The method is mainly with the help of tracking the clicks of the mouse or the cursor position. An expensive model has even been developed by the developers. This model uses the tracking of the eye to achieve the desired outcome. With the help of the click heat map, the analysation of the behavior of clicking is one of the visitor of the website. With the help of eye tracking heat map it can be analyzed where the people actually look on a website or a webpage. Thus as a result it can be said that the owner of the website has a chance to see and look through the eyes of the visitors on his webpage as the visitors or the users navigate on the website.For example an advertisement can be easily overlooked on a page or a website so the developer needs to make sure to give the advertisement a ppropriate colors etc. in order to get more attention from the visitor. It is not easy to take full advantage of the heat maps in the case of dynamic content. The behavior of the visitors is analyzed with the help of heat maps. A majority of the companies prefer to use the mouse tracking heat maps since it is cheaper than the eye tracking heat maps system. Both the mouse tracking and eye tracking systems have different results since the mouse tracking system the data from the actual visitors is being recorded. For eye tracking a sample group of people are examined. The accuracy of the eye tracking is much more than the mouse tracking system.The heat maps make use of color in order to communicate the relationships between the values of data. These data would be very difficult if they were to be presented in a numerical way thus it is easily represented with the help of heat maps. Heat maps can be used for the view of television also.According to the results of the heat maps the most important content should always be at the top of the page. On other parts of the page, the attention of the visitor is for a shorter span of time. According to the study as the viewer scrolls down a page, the view time of the visitor decreases. The viewing time above the fold was reported to be 80.3% while below the fold the view time dropped down to 19.7%. Thus the study showed that that the further the content is away from the header, the less it will grab the attention of the visitor. Thus if the length of the page is longer then it should be designed in such a way which encourages the visitor to scroll down further on the page.Moreover it was even found out in the study that that the viewing time also increased at the bottom of the website page which showed that the attention of the visitor also increases at the bottom of the page (Nielson, 2015). Moreover, several studies have been carried out and according to the results of the studies people spend more time by looking at the left side of the page and it grabs the attention of the visitor (Nielson, 2015). Moreover another study also showed that the content was read by the visitors in a pattern that was of F-shape. This meant that the most important content should be included in the first two paragraphs of the web page (Nielson, 2015). The viewersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ attention is even grabbed by the subheadings and bullet points. Furthermore banner blindness also takes place when a visitor visits the website. At times some of the text is ignored by the visitor that gives an impression of advertisement. Visitors usually ignore the advertisements due to being bombarded with hundreds of ads on different websites.Providers of the HeatmapThe service of the heat mapping is provided by various online websites. These websites include crazy egg. Feng-gui, wordpress plugin #1, click heat, corunet, click density, heat map provided by Patrick wied and Hotjar.Crazy egg was a free service more than a few months back however use r now needs to pay the web site. However, the fee is also nominal i.e. $9 for a month (Olyslager, 2009). Furthermore if someone is not ready to purchase it right away a free 2 months trial of the heat map is also available. A simpler service is provided by Feng-Gui. Feng-Gui does not make use of any mouseclicks. The heatmap in generated with the help of an algorithm. Moreover with the help of the plugin #1 of the word press the click of the mouse are registered. However, this plugin is not much effective since no summaries are generated on a monthly or weekly basis. Thus the testing is a bit difficult due to this. On the other hand clickheat needs to be installed on the server and is an opens source application program. Another tracking system is known as the definite heat map, which has been developed by corunet. With the help of this tracking system a user can build his or her own heatmap (Olyslager, 2009).Clickdesnity is another system that has to be purchased but however, a free 30-day trial is available in which all of its functions are accessible. A real time heatmap is generated on the website of Patrick wied. The elements used by Patrick wied include javascript and the HTMLCanvas elements. Another useful heatmap is the Hotjar. Heat maps are generated per device through the hotjars i.e. on desktops, tablets and cell phones (Olyslager, 2009). Moreover heat maps are also produced for the clicks, move and scroll which adds to its efficiency.BenefitsThe benefits are there are the people who are making a new website design or are creating an landing page. With the help of heat maps the areas where the eyes of the people linger can be figured out successfully. If the heat map shows that the individuals do not linger on the areas of the website where the developer wants them to focus then the developer is equipped with that information and tries to develop interest of the reader to that specific area.With the help of a heat map it can be seen that where the us ers click on an website and the exact location is noted by the heatmap. In this the developer of the website will know that which parts or navigation bars are clicked most by individuals and which areas are totally neglected by the individuals. Furthermore, it can also be seen that how far a user scrolls on a page on a website. With the help of this function an individual will realize that which parts of the website are not seen by the users and how little the users see the content which is on the lower parts of the page. Iframes are used by the heat maps in order to track the clicks. A thorough idea is given to the owner of the website regarding the navigation of an individual. Moreover, with the help of heat mapping distinct colors can also be tested on the website to see which color attracts the most attentions. Moreover, the layout of the buttons can also be tested and tells the developer that what kind of layout is needed for the website to have the most viewership. Users even expect some of the graphic or aspect on a website to be a link and at times it is not a link. For example there might be some kind of logo on the website and the user might try to click on it thinking of it as some kind of link.The most popular parts of a page can be identified easily with the help of heat maps. Every page of a website has its own goal. With the help of heat maps it can be easily identified that what items or elements on the page distracts the user from the goal of the page. Thus as a result things on a web page can be repositioned or designed accordingly to get the attention of the user. The most effective headlines can also be figured out in this way. It can even be determined that how often different buttons are clicked on a website through heat maps. If any button is being neglected on the page, that button can be replaced with the new button to make it more prominent.The flaws in a specific design can be easily determined with the help of the heat maps. It can be said that it is a tool through which the effectiveness of the home page is evaluated. The color-coding is done on the basis of the engagement of the user of the web site or web page. These tests are conducted by various website owners in order to get fruitful outcome from their website. Some of the websites conduct these tests on a monthly basis, some conduct these tests on bimonthly basis and some on a weekly basis in order to obtain more detailed observations.The underused sections in this way are identified. Big companies and specially those websites that are operating as online sales can gain huge advantages from this method and can increase and have a push in their sales based on the results from the heat mapping. Different websites use hat mapping for different kind of purposes and different analyzation. For example epa.gov is also using heat maps and it is trying to understand the alphabetical index with the help of heat maps. Such reports have been obtained by the website which tells them that how many times has an alphabet been clicked. Thus according to the results the alphabet "w" was clicked with a frequency of 200 times while on the other hand the alphabet "H" was clicked only two times. Thus conclusion was drawn based on these frequencies. Valuable feedback is provided by this method and different areas and patterns can be easily analyzed and then the conclusion can be drawn based on the results.ExamplesEyeTrackSHop is a startup that performs heat maps for various marketers. With the help of the heat maps the company determines that where people surf on the social media websites. The social media websites were researched on Mashable by the EyeTrackShop. These social media websites included Facebook, Twitter, Google plus, and linkedin. According to the research most of the time was spent by the people by looking at the profile picture on Facebook and the first two posts on the Facebook page (Eridon, 2011). A high...

Information Management and Organization Behavior - 987 Words

DEFINITION OF STRESS An emotional disorder, stress is the thought process and the physical condition of a person. The reaction against anything that causes a person to feel fear, fidget or threatened. It occurs when a person receives something out of habit or ability. When the stress, the body will produce the hormone adrenaline and heart beats cortisone causes tempest, increased respiratory more speed, and increased blood pressure. Well-designed, organized and managed work is good for us but when insufficient attention to job design, work organization and management has taken place, it can result in Work related stress. Work related stress develops because a person is unable to cope with the demands being placed on them. Stress, including work related stress, can be a significant cause of illness and is known to be linked with high levels of sickness absence, staff turnover and other issues such as more errors. Stress can hit anyone at any level of the business and recent research shows that work relate d stress is widespread and is not confined to particular sectors, jobs or industries. That is why a population-wide approach is necessary to tackle it. Work stress is stress arising from or affecting employment. Negative pressure, both in terms of mental, physical or emotional, is an important factor that can threaten the harmony of quality of life does one employee. This area has been studied by researchers for over 100 years ago. According to one study, almost 35 percent ofShow MoreRelatedInformation Management and Organization Behavior1712 Words   |  7 Pagesinteresting in leadership is the existence of leaders who are in the organization which has its own structure by creating a relationship between leaders and followers to achieve excellence. Track in an organization requires steps or activities that in the plan by leaders for pushing his followers increased determined and determination towards the organization. Therefore, efforts towards the consolidation of the activities of an organization subject to someones intelligence leaders. For example, someoneRead MoreA Review On Employee Behavior1610 Words   |  7 PagesEmployee behavior in organizations is the biggest threat to information security (Schneier, 2000)(Martins Eloff, 2002)(Da Veiga et al, 2007). Currently, research in IS focuses on technical mechanisms of security, and does not think about employee interactions with the system (Parsons et al, 2010). Research has shown that an emerging threat to information security is the insider (Hu et al, 2012)(PWC, 2014). 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Essay about Violence on College Campuses - 518 Words

On college campuses today, there is a lot of violence. Violence occurs for many reasons, its unfortunate but true. One of the main reasons that violence accurs is because 90 percent of violence on college campuses is alcohol related. That is one of the many reasons why violence occurs. There have been reports of increased violence on U.S. college campuses since the early 1980s. Alcohol-related problems have included vandalism, fighting, injuries, and rape. However, as in the past, crime on campuses frequently was not reported to authorities or not divulged by institutions. Therefore, it is difficult to know if there has been an increase in incidences or just increased reporting. Roark (1987: 367) has suggested that quot;although†¦show more content†¦Youth violence involves almost all of our social institutions, values, beliefs and attitudes When we hear students disengage with institutions or people and threaten to harm themselves or others, we may be able to prevent the potential for large-scale serious violent crimes. College campuses should begin to engage in discussions on prevention methods and prepare ways to react to this new level of violence.Society has been devalued by and desensitized toward youth violence. In 1996, 805,000 serious violent crime s involved juveniles and 740,000 crimes victimized juveniles (Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics, 1999). Schools handle these acts by increasing security, searching students, constructing metal detectors, implementing violence hotlines, counseling students, being alert to students violent tendencies, and being aware of differences .A central factor affecting youth violence is that students are not being taught at young ages how to constructively handle anger. For some, this aggression is a learned behavior while for others, it is inadequate socialization, psychological or even neurological. Whatever the reason, youth violence is a problem in our society. Another problem with violence on college campuses is Sexual Assualt.Institutions of higherShow MoreRelatedGun Violence On College Campuses1204 Words   |  5 PagesWith the recent history of gun violence on college campuses, questions have been raised on how incidents like these can best be prevented. One proposed solution is allowing firearms to be carried on campuses. With many states passing the open carry law, the topic of guns on campus has become a major issue; however, there are many reasons to why allowing guns to be carried on campus would not help prevent situations like these. A college campus is a place where individuals of different maturity levelsRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Violence On College Campuses883 Words   |  4 Pagesme personally was the section of sexuality and power on U.S. college campuses. As important as sexual awareness is in society, I was not aware of how it affected U.S. college campuses. The college provides the backbone of starting new relation ships and expressing sexuality. These new relationships can generate positive attributes, however, what has continued to plague schools is the attention that sexual violence has on college campuses. In my opinion, the most important matter addressed while evolvingRead MoreSexual Assault And Sexual Violence On College Campuses Across The United States1570 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay explores the ongoing issue of sexual assault and sexual violence on college campuses across the United States. Education on the topic of sexuality and sexual assault throughout secondary and post secondary education is vital to the awareness of, and battle against sexual assault. Issues in sex-education, included lack of depth into healthy sexuality, and abstinence only sex education. Women are not reporting their cases to the authorities or universities because of issues with privacyRead MoreShould Guns Be Permitted On College Campuses?930 Words   |  4 Pagespermitted on College Campuses? Across the country, there has been so much concern for the safety of college students and their well being that the use and carrying of guns has been brought into case with the introduction of bills. Allowing guns on college campuses would potentially be dangerous for everyone, including students and faculty members. A lot of damage and harm could occur. While some students might use them for protection, legalizing them would also increase the chances of gun violence and notRead MoreConcealed Carry On College Campuses992 Words   |  4 PagesConcealed Carry on College Campuses It seems that tragedy and violence across America is becoming all too common in our daily news. Even more tragic is when it is at a school. With the increase in violence across America, it is opening the door to the question of should college campuses allow concealed guns on campus? Allowing concealed guns on campuses is something that may come true at public colleges across Georgia. Recently, the Georgia senate passed a bill by 37-17 that would allow gun ownersRead MoreSpeech On The Bill Of Rights1153 Words   |  5 Pagesallowed on campuses –without knowing the effects and the damage it could do. 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However, Nationwide, 17 percentRead MoreShould College Campuses Allow Concealed Guns On Campus?987 Words   |  4 PagesIt seems that tragedy and violence across America are becoming all too common in our daily news. Even more tragic is when it is at a school. With the increase in violence across America, it is opening the door to the question of should college campuses allow concealed guns on campus? Allowing concealed guns on campuses is something that may come true at public colleges across Georgia. Recently, the Georgia senate passed a bill by 37-17 that would allow gun owners 21 and over to carry concealed weaponsRead MoreRape Culture Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesRape culture is prevalent on all college campuses, and many fail to realize this and what rape culture is. It is in the party scene, athletics, in dorm rooms, and everywhere else around campus. It is the acceptance of sexual jokes, saying â€Å"she was asking for it because of what she was wearing,† not taking sexual assault seriously, and so much more. Rape Culture is an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in the media and popularRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses1381 Words   |  6 Pages Sexual assault has been a huge issue for many years on college campuses and universities nation wide. As society has evolved, thoughts on sexual assault have also evolved, becoming more focused on the details of victim treatment than ever before. The topic of sexual assault is debatable and sparks many opinions on weather sexual assault on college campuses is becoming more frequent, or if there is just heightened awareness. Sexual assault can happen to anybody no matter the gender, race, religion

The Disease Of Behcet s Disease - 924 Words

In 1937, a rare disease called Behcet s Disease (BD) was first described by Dr. Hulusi Behcet, who is a dermatologist in Turkey. The disease is also known as Behcet s syndrome and described by The American Behcet s Disease Association (2014) as a rare, chronic, autoimmune, autoinflammatory disorder (American Behcet s Disease Association [ABDA], 2014). The disease, recognized worldwide, can affect multiple systems in the human body and associated with morbidity and mortality. Dr. Hulusi Behcet (2014) first described the disease as a triad of oral ulcers, genital ulcers and ocular inflammation (ABDA, 2014). The epidemiology behind this disease indicates its prevalence in multiple countries. It is less prevalent in the United States and Western Europe. According to National Organization for Rare Disorders (2015),the highest prevalence rate, 80-370 cases per 100,000, of this disease is in Turkey, as well as in Japan, Korea, China, Iran and Saudi Arabia (National Organization for Rare Dis orders [NORD], 2015). According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, the disease affects more men than women in Middle Eastern and Asian countries. However, it affects more women than men in the United States (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease [NIAMS], 2015). It can develop in people of all ages but it tends to develop in people between the ages of 20 to 40. The Behcet s disease symptoms vary from personShow MoreRelatedGenetic Factors And Its Effects On The Silk Road763 Words   |  4 Pagesprevalence of BD varied between 20 and 421 per 100 000 in adults with a higher frequency detected in Anatolia compared to Europe [12]. BD is considered as both autoimmune disease and autoinflammatory disorder. It is thought that common environmental factors play a role in development of BD, however it is suggested that onset of disease occurs only in genetically predisposed individuals. Genetic factors have been scrutinized widely in BD. Familial aggregation studies in patients with BD suggest a strongRead MoreOrganizing Pneumonia Associated With Anticonvulsant Hypersensitivity Syndrome Induced By Lamotrigine1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthe left lung (Figure1). She was treated as infectious pneumonia with oral antibiotic. She started to have respiratory distress and needed oxygen to maintain her saturation. We obtained a chest CT which revealed multifocal patchy areas of airspace disease with ground glass-haziness appearance on both lower lobes with mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion (Figures 2, 3 4). Her temperature continued to spike and she deteriorated in her respiratory status, worsening neutropenia, anemia andRead MoreCase Study of a Patient with Periodontal Disease Essay2081 Words   |  9 Pagesuse or smoking cessation, genetic predisposition, immunology, haematinic deficiency (iron, folate and vitamin B12), underlying systemic disorders, skin disorders or autoimmune diseases. (Scully, Medical Problems in Dentistry, 2010). Some may result due to malignant conditions and few may be due to underlying systemic diseases. In this case there is evidence to support this lesion is pertaining to that of a recurrent aphthous ulcer, as the patient is a non-smoker and reports to suffer anxiety. Additionally

History of the Indian Rupee - 2823 Words

The currency of India is the rupee. Rupee is derived from the Sanskrit rupyakam which means coin of silver (Indian Rupee). The rupee has transitioned through several governing bodies over its recorded history. Each transitional phase can be traced by the examples of the rupee notes as follows: early private and semi-governmental banks, Government of India, King George V, King George VI, Indo-French Territories, Indo-Portuguese Territories, Prisoner-of-War Coupons, Princely States, cash coupons of Princely States, and post Independent India (Indian Currency Collector Online). Early Private and Semi-Governmental Banks (1770-1861 A.D.) The European traders, especially those with the East India Company, were familiar with using paper†¦show more content†¦Bombays sub-circles were Akola and Karachi, Calcuttas sub-circles were Lahore, Allahabad and Cawnpur, and Madrass sub-circles were Vizagapatam, Cocinada and Trichinopoly (Jhunjhunwalla Online). The first series of notes issued under the act of 1861 carried the portrait of Queen Victoria, but those designs were quickly modified to account for the original simplicity. The notes were printed on watermarked paper in England and included the signatures of Lord Canning (The Viceroy) and Samuel Laving (the successor Finance Member). The denominations of these notes were: Rs. 10, Rs. 20, Rs. 50, Rs. 100, Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000 (Indian Currency Collector). In the early 1900s as paper currency grew in popularity, the notes were universalized to ease the restrictions on cashing the notes only within originating circle(s). The restrictions were eased gradually, with the smaller denominations being universalized first. The issuing circle name continued to be printed on the notes, either in full or as initials (Keynes p.44). King George V (1917-1932 A.D.) The crisis of precious metal supplies during World War I in 1917 lead to the first notes featuring King George Vs picture. The government also issued lower denominations of the rupee for the first time, specifically the Rs. 1 and Rs. 2.5. During the 1920s, notes featuring King George Vs portrait were issued in Rs. 10 and Rs. 5 denominations (Indian CurrencyShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Indian Rupee As An Exchange Rate2332 Words   |  10 PagesExchange rate regime in Indian Context History of Indian Rupee as an exchange rate Only once as an independent nation India had choice of a exchange rate being defined as Indian rupee with reference to its foreign country trade partners. After successful independence and followed by constitution of India effect from 26th January 1950, India followed an exchange rate system which Indian Rupee linked to the British Pound Sterling. This system of exchange rate regime continues until mid- 1970’s, thisRead MoreCurrency Depreciation1580 Words   |  7 PagesWe discuss the currency depreciation vs. devaluation. Also, discuss the impact of currency depreciation from Indian economy perspective. Currency Depreciation amp; Impact Rajesh Kanjani (34473) rajesh.kanjani@hotmail.com SIBM Exe. MBA (2011-2014) Currency Devaluation vs. Depreciation The devaluation and deprecation of currency go more or less hand in hand. Currency depreciation is an economic result, whereas devaluing a currency is an act that results in currency depreciation. Many a timesRead MoreComparison Between Jamaica and India1742 Words   |  7 PagesJAMAICA INDIA: A COMPARISON Jamaica India: A Comparison Abstract The paper provides a comparative analysis of Jamaica and India. Several important aspects of each countrys culture and history are examined. The paper assesses the risk and the advantage of conducting business with countries with histories of imperial rule and civil struggle. After providing a brief, yet comprehensive view of each country, the paper ultimately concludes that any business conducted with any country come with moderateRead MoreWhat Is The Geography Of India1307 Words   |  6 PagesCanada: Approx â…“ (India is 3.1 million sq km, CAN 9,984,670) Population: 1.324 billion World Region: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan. Capital City: New Delhi Currency: Rupee [1 CAN$ = 50.09 Indian Rupee (INR)], 1 Rupee = 100 Paise Languages spoken: Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9% English is theRead MoreConversion of Rupees5275 Words   |  22 PagesA PAPER On â€Å"CONVERTIBILITY OF INDIAN RUPEE† By, Sr. No | Name | PRN | 1 | Mr. Sachin Jadhav | 15020448102 | 2 | Mr. Santosh Ghongade | 15020448103 | 3 | Mr. Rajan Batra | 15020448104 | 4 | Mr. Narayan P.S | 15020448105 | 5 | Mr. Sameep Gadkari | 15020448106 | 6 | Mr. Nandkumar | 15020448015 | 7 | Mr. Bhushan Patil | 15020448027 | 8 | Mr.Vikrant Birje | 15020448056 | Guided By, Prof.S.K.Vaze International Financing Read MoreThe Indian National Congress ( Inc )3760 Words   |  16 PagesIn May 2014, Indian politics took a historic step into a new direction. Since the beginning of Indian independence from Great Britain, there have been two dominant political parties that controlled progression of the nation. The Indian National Congress (INC), one of those parties, was led by the Gandhi family predominantly. The Bharatiya Janata Party, or BJP, contrasted the INC in almost every possible way. Nationalist leaders emerged from the working class and opposed INC actions. These two partiesRead MoreReliance Industry Limited : An Indian Conglomerate Company982 Words   |  4 PagesReliance Industry Limited is an indian conglomerate company whose headquarter is in Mumbai,Maharashtra,Indi- a.The company operates in these 5 sectors—exploration and production,refining and marketing,petrochemicals,re- tails and telecommunications.But in recent time this company has expanded it’s busi ness in India in construction,energy,health care,textile.The company was co-founded by Dhirubhai Ambani and his cousin champak- lal Damani in 1960s as Reliance commercial corporation. After his deathRead MoreThe Effect of Euro Crisis on India2405 Words   |  10 PagesIt is only wise to be prepared for the worst after the unsavoury experience of 2008 and 2009 during which many professionals were laid off in different parts of the country though the economy was not significantly affected. 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Formative Period: 1978-1992 ...........................................................................................Read MorePhases of the History of India Essay720 Words   |  3 PagesHISTORY OF ORIGIN The history can be divided into four phases: 1898 to 1957 The first motorcar on the streets of India was seen in 1898. In 1903, an American company began a public taxi service with a fleet of 50 cars in Mumbai. For about 50 years after the first car arrived in India, cars were directly imported until foreign manufacturers began to realize the vast potential India had with its vast distances and large population. Before world war-1, around 4,000 motor vehicles were imported. During

Compensation and Benefits Essay - 1427 Words

Course Project The Compensation and Benefits of the Dooly County School System [pic] Renee Bowens HRM430 Professor Eureka Hampton August 16, 2009 DeVry University Abstract This report will show what compensation and benefits are offered to the employees of Dooly County. It will also show how a sick leave bank would benefit the employees that have exhausted their sick and personal leave days in order to care for themselves or their families. I hope this paper will show readers that although Dooly County is a small rural county, they can compete with other school systems with their compensation and benefits. The Dooly County School System is a small organization that employs from 200 to 300 employees. These employees†¦show more content†¦The superintendent, directors, principals, clerical staff, and maintenance workers receive ten (10) days vacations. Custodians that are twelve-month employees receive five (5) days paid vacation. Twelve-month employees receive their vacation days at the start of the new fiscal year which begins on July 1st. â€Å"Benefits available through payroll deductions are classified as two types (mandatory or voluntary† (Personnel Handbook, 2008). Mandatory deductions are required by law. The mandatory reductions are federal income tax withholding and state income tax withholding, teacher’s retirement, public school employees retirement, social security/old age, survivors death insurance tax, and Medicare tax. â€Å"All full time employees have the opportunity to elect to participate in voluntary deductions† (Personnel Handbook, 200 8). Some of the voluntary deductions include dental insurance, credit union, disability insurance, life insurance, medical/hospitalization, and etc. Although the compensation and benefits that the school system in Dooly County provides for their employees are good, there is always room for improvement. A benefit that would help the employees would be a sick leave bank or donated leave pool. â€Å"The purpose of the donated leave pool is to provide a means or employees to donate and receive paid leave to alleviate hardships caused to an employee or the employee’s family if an illness or injury forces and employee to exhaust all earned leave time†Show MoreRelatedCompensation And Benefits Of Compensation Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesCompensation Benefit The compensation and benefits department is usually responsible for the  transparency in the compensation practices  in the organization and keeping the internal fairness of the total cash. The compensation and benefits has to supervise the development of new compensation components and keeping the general rules for the design of the compensation component. The compensation and benefits department is responsible for the personnel expenses budget of the organizationRead MoreCompensation And Benefits Of Compensation1791 Words   |  8 Pagestalk about compensation among organizations and employees in today’s work environment. Questions such as, what is the cost to the organization and what will be the organizations return on their compensation investment, are common among questions being asked among organizations. Because of all this, there has been a variety of different pay compensations put into place in the work force. The following paragraphs will talk about one company, Bumpbie, and how a strategic compensation plan, integratedRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Compensation Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesCompensation is output and the benefit that employee receives in the form of pay, wages and also same rewards like monetary exchange for the employee’s to increases the performance Holt, 1993). Compensation is the segment of transition between the employee and the owner that the outcomes employee contract. As the prospective of employee pay is the necessary of life. The payment receives from work done on the behalf of people getting the employment. From the employee prospective one of the most importantRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Compensation913 Words   |  4 PagesCompensation is how a company decides what is important to meet their company’s goals. There are three components when it comes to compensation. Direct, indirect, and nonfinancial are the three ways of letting the employees know the company’s values, while still letting the employees feel important. When many employees feel like they are part of the process of making the company a success, they are more likely to work harder. Companies need to be more strategic when it comes to setting up the operationsRead MoreCompensation and Benefits1695 Words   |  7 Pages | |Compensation and Benefits | |Human Resource Management Coures | | Employee compensation and benefits are critical factors in the new hire acceptance process andRead MoreCompensation and Benefits1475 Words   |  6 PagesCompensation and Benefits Lisa Epps BUS303 Human Resources Due Date Ashford University There are many people that would choose their life career around the benefits and compensation they may receive. Compensation is known as human resources function that deals with every type of rewards that one may receive in return for performing organizational tasks.()1 Do to these rewards such as compensations; turn-over can be affected in the workforce. If an employee did not feel they valued at theRead MoreCompensation and Benefits2497 Words   |  10 Pagesto acknowledge the importance of compensation and benefit strategies used in organizations all around the world. Compensation and Benefits are used by different organisations globally to attract, motivate and retain their employees. This paper contains a case studies, summary and analysis of academic journals and books to understand the latest trends in compensation and benefits field. The three primary components which are used in designing a strategic compensation plan are listed. During the courseRead MoreCompensation Benefits1892 Words   |  8 PagesCompensation Benefits BUS455 Final Exam This is an open book and open notes exam. You may use whatever materials you feel necessary. I strongly recommend that you refer to the text and Lecture Notes that you read. There are a total of sixty (60) points available on this exam. Multiple Choice 1) Which of the following is least likely to be used as a skill-based certification method? a. tests b. college degree c. peer review d. on-the-job demonstration 2) An inappropriate way to assessRead MoreCompensation and Benefits2496 Words   |  10 PagesCompensation and Benefits: Methods, Strategies and Performances LaTonya Hopes This paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Human Resource Administration BUS 5273-50 Texas Woman s University School of Management Dr. Derek Crews February 8, 2013 Table of Contents Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 LiteratureRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Employee Compensation1395 Words   |  6 PagesEmployee compensation is all forms of pay and rewards which are received by employees for completing their job duties as outlined by their employer. Compensation is classified two ways, direct and indirect compensation. Direct compensation covers wages and salaries, bonuses, commissions and incentives. With indirect compensation, benefits are supplied by employers, and nonfinancial compensation includes recognition, rewarding jobs, and flexible work hours in order to accommodate each person’s own

Management Research in the Hospitality free essay sample

The hostile-adoption environment (Cooper, 2006). This is especially characteristic of vocational businesses and small businesses, since the application of KM demands a large amount of time and money. 3. No clear applicability for hospitality and tourism service and inter-organizational perspectives (Grizelj, 2003). Since the concepts of KM are developed largely from a manufactured and multinational perspective (Nonaka Takeuchi, 1995), it has failed to take many aspects of hospitality and tourism services into account. Grizelj (2003) points out that KM concepts do not bring up the hospitality and tourism issues based on networks and lack an inter-organizational perspective. 1 In order to remain competitive, hospitality and tourism companies must adopt the KM approach (Ruhanen Cooper, 2004). As customers become more experienced at finding the best deals for hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and tourist destinations, the hospitality and tourism organizations face increasingly intense worldwide competition. Considering the severe competition and the nature of the industry, employees and managers have to acquire more knowledge, in order to consistently provide the best deals and service to customers. What is more, customers’ preferences can be various and changeable, requiring employees and managers to understand the changes and continue to provide the best experience (Hallin Marnburg, 2008). However, the question often posed is: What kind of knowledge should be obtained in order to gain competitive advantage (Ruhanen Cooper, 2004). In recent years, research on KM topics has become more and more popular. However, the contributions of research on KM in the hospitality and tourism industry are limited (Pyo, 2005; Ruhanen Cooper, 2004). Much of the published KM research on tourism and hospitality topics fails to identify possible outcomes (Ruhanen Cooper, 2004), while other research focuses only on anecdotal case studies and make no contribution to the academic field or the industry, as the studies are mainly company and operationally focused (Cooper, Shepherd and Westlake, 1994; Ruhanen Cooper, 2004). Bouncken and Pyo (2002) indicated that most of the studies on hospitality and tourism KM are not empirical, but conceptual and practical. They believe this tendency is because of the short history of research on KM in the industry. Hallin and Marnburg (2008) reviewed empirical research on KM in the hospitality and tourism industry before 2006. They provided the first survey of empirical KM research in the hospitality and 2 tourism field, and suggested that the published empirical research studies lacked theoretical foundation and methodology, and that there is a great need for further empirical KM research in the hospitality and tourism context. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this study is to identify research trends and direction of scholarly research in hospitality and tourism KM and analyze the potential contributions of published scholarly studies via systematic content analysis. This study will analyze KM research articles focusing on hospitality and tourism, such as the use of KM in the hospitality workplace. The research objectives are as follows: 1. Carry out a content analysis of the related literature between 2006 and 2010 (the period before 2006 was covered in the study by Hallin and Marnburg (2008)), 2. Compare the new findings with Hallin and Marnburg’s findings to determine the current direction of KM research and identify any changes in the pattern of research studies. For example, Hallin and Marnburg assert that empirical KM research is limited prior to 2006. This study seeks to identify changes in methodologies employed by the articles included in the period studied. 3. Tabulate KM related research methodologies used and subject matters in the hospitality and tourism studies to identify research trends. Given the research objectives listed above, three research questions have emerged after an initial review of related literature: 1. Is the knowledge management research in hospitality and tourism still limited in terms of empirical research? 3 2. What are the current research trends and direction in terms of methodologies used? 3. What are the current research trends and direction in terms of subject matters? Significance of the Study An initial review of existing research literature on KM studies reveals that there is no comprehensive content analysis of such studies focusing on hospitality and tourism. With the exception of Hallin and Marnburg’s study (2008), there is no empirical review of scholarly journals that identifies KM research articles focusing on hospitality and tourism. Moreover, no study to date has replicated Hallin and Marnburg’s content analysis study or documented the progress of hospitality and tourism KM research since 2006. Thus, there is a need for content analysis of research literature to identify the current direction and trends of published KM research in hospitality and tourism. This study aims to give a comprehensive review and identification of hospitality and tourism research articles that focus on KM. Content analysis is used to identify research methodology, year of publication, source of the contribution and other descriptive characteristics. 4 CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction The literature review consists of three sections: knowledge, knowledge management (KM), and the importance of and barriers to applying KM. The first section reviews the background of knowledge as a field of study, and different categories of knowledge are discussed. The second section deals with the concept and history of KM and reviews KM research in the hospitality and tourism industry. The third section identifies the importance of and challenges for KM applications in the hospitality and tourism industry. Knowledge Knowledge is the most significant asset of an organization (Buckley Carter, 2002). Burton, DeSanctis, and Obel (2006) define knowledge as â€Å"information that corresponds to a particular context† (p. 92). Petkovic and Miric (2009) consider this definition to be of great importance as it makes clear the difference between information and knowledge. Knowledge is composed of many related groups of information, while not every piece of information can be regarded as knowledge. Only those pieces of information which help to improve the level of organizational learning can be considered as knowledge. Knowledge can be stored in many forms, including documents, books or human minds. Each of these forms of knowledge can be used to indicate the knowledge of a business regarding products, service, customers and competitors (Petkovic Miric, 2009). The lowest to highest levels of knowledge are data, information, knowledge, understanding, and wisdom. 5 Categories of Knowledge There are several different forms of knowledge. Whitehill (1997) includes a typology of knowledge: know how (habitual knowledge), know what (encoded knowledge), know who (collaboration knowledge), know why (scientific knowledge), know when and where (process knowledge), and care why (communal knowledge). However, Scott and Laws (2006) pointed out that this kind of typology neglects problems of ownership. At an organizational level, Zack (1999a) distinguishes between three kinds of knowledge: core knowledge, which is the primary understanding of the company in the industry; advanced knowledge, which is the knowledge necessary for distinction by companies in the industry; and innovative knowledge, which is knowledge used by the company to develop new products and affect the dynamics of the industry. This kind of knowledge classification requires employees and managers not only to know things, but also to take action (Zack, 1999b; Shin, Holden, Schmidt, 2001). Of all the different categorizations of knowledge, the system described by Polanyi (1966) is the most influential. Polanyi differentiates between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is personal and complicated, and is about physical capabilities, skills, and values that developed through experience (Leonard Sensiper, 1998). Explicit knowledge, on the other hand, can be easily codified and transferred into books, reports and documents (Lathi, 2000). Unlike explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge is difficult to formalize, interpret and transfer from one person or group to another (Shaw Williams, 2009). It should come as no surprise that tacit knowledge is given much more attention, Polanyi (1966) explains, since tacit knowledge is obtained and learned through intuition and experience rather than through reasoning and observation. Shaw 6 and Williams (2009) believed that it is because tacit knowledge is so difficult to imitate that makes it a key means by which companies gain a competitive advantage. Knowledge Management The Concept of Knowledge Management While the definition of KM is still developing (Penrose, 1959; Polanyi, 1958; Simon, 1968), the philosophy remains a simple one: Use knowledge to gain competitive advantage (Davenport Prusak, 1998). As a competitive tool, the essence of the KM process is to identify, capture, transfer and share relevant knowledge, ensuring that organizations increase competitiveness and obtain maximum benefits (Bahra, 2001). Companies use benchmarks to examine, understand and compare their work performance with that of their key competitors (Lee, 2008). Training to employees, information systems and KM are the most common benchmarks criteria. And the process of KM is often connected with organization goals. Moreover, human capital is a valuable asset to organizations and the fundamental function of KM is to management this valuable asset in the organizations. Dosi, Nelson and Winter (2002) have determined that there is increasing agreement on the definition of KM. They point out that practitioners and academics view the meaning of KM differently. Academics consider KM to be a complex combination of subjects, including information technology, business administration, and management. Practitioners, by contrast, see KM as a way to leverage knowledge within a company in order to meet business goals, such as achieving competitive advantage and maximum profit (Dosi et al. , 2002; Nonaka, 2008). 7 KM is considered a competitive advantage because it is a tool for organizations to improve organizational productivity, creativity, reputations, innovation and ultimately enhance organizational profits (Ward Le, 1996). KM improves productivity by better utilizing intellectual capital, reducing costs and improving efficiency (Sherman, 2000). There are three kinds of intellectual capital: human, customer and structural capital. Structural capital means all other capital expect human capital, such as hardware, software and patents (Edvinsson Malone, 1997). The History of Knowledge Management There are three clear phases in the development of KM, starting with information systems and developing into knowledge society (Sveiby, 2001). The first phase, beginning in the 1960s, focused on information technology (Tuomi, 2002). During this phase, organizations developed ways to use the large amount of available information to improve productivity. In the second phase, during the mid-to late 1980s, businesses had become more market-driven than production-driven. During this period, when the awareness of market and service quality was greatly increased, customers began to seek the best deals on products and services (Jafari, 1990). During this phase, some organizations became highly competitive using KM initiatives such as tapping knowledge stocks (Cooper, 2006; Sveiby, 2001). The third phase began in the mid- to late 1990s, and has continued into the present. In this phase, due to the distribution, production and use of information, there has been a new shift from an information-based to a knowledge economy (Jones, 2001). With the development of technology, innovation and new products/services are introduced in this knowledge economy. Of these three phases, 8 Cooper (2006) believes that the third â€Å"has the most† to offer to the hospitality and tourism industry (p. 50). Knowledge Management Applications Kabene, King and Skaini (2006) state that there are six areas of KM applications: transactional, asset management, process based, analytical, innovation and developmental. Ward and Le (1996) believe E-learning is one of the most imperative KM approaches, as it allows the employees to have the training anywhere at any time. Yahya and Goh (2002) point out generally there are two KM approaches. They are centralized KM and decentralized KM. They also introduced two companies: SevenEleven in Tokyo and BP. Seven-Eleven is an example of centralized KM approach, and this centralized KM relies on a central system to capture and store all the available knowledge. BP, which uses the decentralized KM approach, focuses on knowledge sharing in the organization. E-learning, a computer-based training, has been introduced to many hospitality and tourism companies. Hospitality and tourism companies use E-learning to enhance customer service and information management. For example, Holiday Inn uses computer technology to investigate the needs of training and let employees to choose training schedules and contents. Although E-learning can be beneficial to organizations, some small and mid-size organizations may face challenges in applying it. Small or mid-size organizations are not able to afford the computer technology systems (Harris, 1995). Call (2005) introduces the KM system adopted by Ritz-Carlton Hotel. This KM system consists of best service and practices from employees in each department of the 9 hotel and is updated annually. The hotel management views the employees as the most crucial component of KM. Furthermore, Singapore Airlines invested a lot of money on improving its knowledge networks. It used this system to predict the flight tickets supply and demand. This welldeveloped knowledge network help the airline company maximize tickets sales (Goh, 2007). Knowledge Management Research in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry Since the 1990s, KM has become a popular topic for researchers. However, the hospitality and tourism industry has not followed this trend until recently (Cooper, 2006). KM is primarily thought of from a multinational and manufacturing perspective, therefore, it fails to consider many aspects of the hospitality and tourism industry (Nonaka Takeuchi, 1995). Unlike other industries, hospitality and tourism companies need to work with a variety of other industries, such as the service industry, to work out the service products (Hallin Marnburg, 2008). As a result, when working in a hospitality and tourism context, KM concepts need to be extended to consider interorganizational issues. Cooper (2006) notes that the two approaches of the academic and the practitioner should be combined into a single and clear definition: for the hospitality and tourism sector, KM is the process of gaining competitive advantage by allocating knowledge assets within companies. Employees are very important to hospitality and tourism organizations. Employees performance has a huge impact on organizational performance. Also the performance of employees can greatly affect the implication of KM. In order to effectively adopt KM approach to organizations, human resource needs to foster a KM culture that encourages 10 KM applications. Yahya and Goh (2002) examined the relationship between human resource and KM, and found that training and performance appraisals are greatly associated with KM. What is more, organizations use KM approach to retain employees and enhance customer satisfaction (Cooper, 2006). Hospitality and tourism knowledge is heavily labor dependent and employees use their knowledge in providing thebest experience for customers, therefore, it is crucial that companies use KM approach to retain employees and customer satisfactory. Customer satisfaction and loyalty are the most important factors to the success of a hotel. Hospitality and tourism employees have direct contact with customers. It is especially important for employees to have the knowledge about customer preferences and how to provide the best service (Bouncken, 2002). Scholars point out that KM can greatly influence training. Delaney and Huselid (1996) pointed out that organizations should align training with the goals and strategies of the organization. The purpose of training is to share knowledge with employees, who can use it to improve performance (Frash, Antun, Kline, Almanza, 2010). KM can help human resource specialists identify training needs in order to provide the right training to the right person. Training in hospitality and tourism organizations is imperative, as the majority of employees have direct contact with customers and organizations want to ensure that employees provide service that will attract new customers and retain returning customers (Nightingale, 1985). However, it is crucial for hospitality and tourism companies to decide the proper training method to meet the objectives. Because of the 11 budget, time and availability of training personnel, sometimes training do not solve the specific training problems (Froiland, 1993). Researchers agree that KM enables employees to be innovative about the company’s products and services. In order to be competitive, hospitality and tourism organizations need to produce new products and be creative about service (Cooper, 2006). By acquiring, sharing and transferring the required knowledge, KM leads employees to be creative, ultimately leading organizations to gain competitive advantage (Bouncken, 2002). Although the studies on KM in the hospitality and tourism sector have been limited, the businesses in the industry are increasingly reliant on the KM approach to improve performance and gain competitive advantage (Leiper, 2004). Due to the increased use of information technology (IT) and systems, hospitality and tourism services have become knowledge-based. Sheldon (1997) notes that the hospitality and tourism sector is one of the largest users of IT. As a result, it is imperative for hospitality and tourism organizations to encourage and learn from KM research in order to distinguish an organization from its competitors. Importance of and Barriers to Applying Knowledge Management Many scholars believe that the KM approach is a crucial tool for hospitality and tourism companies wishing to gain competitive advantages (Cooper, 2005; Jafari, 1990). In light of rapid changes to the economy, hospitality and tourism companies are facing serious problems: increasing operating uncertainty, changing customer preferences, shorter service product life cycles, and complicated intrusive constraints. KM is an important solution to those problems (Scott Laws, 2006). 12 By following the knowledge management approach, companies can make better plans for the future, reach a better level of decision making, and ultimately increase competitiveness and gain maximum benefits (Cooper, 2002; Roos Roos, 1997). Other industries, such as the space and computer industries, have been using KM tools for a long time. Many successful corporations have even set up research and development departments for collecting and analyzing data (Gupta McDaniel, 2002). These data can help corporations to acquire useful information with which to make short-term and longterm decisions. Therefore, KM is the key to gaining competitive advantage. Because hospitality and tourism organizations face a more complicated reality than other organizations (Lemelin, 2006), these organizations should also engage in KM processes. The literature on KM fails to consider many hospitality and tourism issues (Grizelj, 2003). KM research therefore needs to be improved to meet the specific requirements of the hospitality and tourism industry. Furthermore, managers are often faced with too many unclear and complicated KM concepts and implementation processes (Bouncken Pyo, 2002; Yun, 2004). Delphi, conducting a survey about knowledge management with its practitioners, found that the future of KM would be greatly influenced by the practitioners’ ability to prove its benefits, obtain management support, and recognize the core knowledge (Plummer Armitage, 2007). Simply understanding the process of KM does not lead to gaining competitive advantage and generating profits. Knight and Howes (2003) think that the applications of KM are to improve business performance and meet the corporate missions. As a result, it is important to establish the connection between business strategy and KM in the early planning stages in order to apply KM system in all business operations and plans (Wiig, 13 1997). In this way, the best possible knowledge can be made available at every level of activity. Two more barriers to KM application are cost and time. The KM process requires a change in management, and companies have to put a huge amount of money into the process and wait for the results (Cooper, 2006). Hospitality and tourism organizations are kept busy with daily jobs, and may not have time for identifying and planning from the available knowledge. Although it is easy to accumulate information in hospitality and tourism organizations, employees and managers, especially those from small and midsize companies, cannot easily derive the relevant information from all the information available to them (Gupta McDaniel, 2002). Finally, the very nature of the industry poses a challenge to the transfer of knowledge in the hospitality and tourism sector (Cooper, 2006). Davenport and Prusak (1998) and Hjalager (2002) demonstrate that different cultures and different community practices lead to be a lack of reliance between the knowledge producer and those who use the knowledge. KM research is of primary importance to the hospitality and tourism industry and will benefit hospitality and tourism organizations. KM research can help companies adopt KM processes in their daily work and enhance the level of organizational learning. It may also have direct applications to business operations. The consensus among researchers is that KM research should continue to improve the issues described in previous studies.