Essay on Hero - 831 Words

HERO He Ever Regards Others What is a hero? Is it someone that â€Å"saves the day and gets the girl?† This used to be my definition of a hero until I grew up and really learned what a hero is. The dictionary says a hero is â€Å"a man of great strength and courage, favored by the gods and in part descended from them, often regarded as a half-god and worshiped after his death.† Through society though we are disillusioned to the identity of real hero’s and instead praise celebrities as such. Over time though I gained knowledge and personal insight of what a real hero is. A real hero is a person who is strong and just and stands up for what is right instead of what is popular. But each individuals definition of a hero is different and†¦show more content†¦Someone who makes you feel better even when they are down in life. But, with societal changes people are regarding heroes as top figures in Hollywood and people who make there millions by putting on a mask of false pretenses. W hen is the last time you’ve seen a celebrity drive around in a car that costs less than $100,000? Why do people revere these people so much? Is it because they’ve acted in an action movie where they got the bad guy and saved the world? We are so caught up in media that it almost seems like people can’t tell the difference between movies and real life sometimes. There may not be people out there blowing up buildings left and right to save a cat, but there are real people, real heroes out there, making this world a better place to live in for everybody. â€Å"The hero was distinguished by his achievement; the celebrity by his image or trademark. The hero created himself; the celebrity is created by the media. The hero was a big man; the celebrity is a big name.† The next time you watch TV or a movie, think about that person, and then look to someone behind the â€Å"big name.† If we didn’t have heroes this would be a world full of hopeless peo ple. I think of a hero as a person who befriends you, even though you are not the â€Å"best† person in the world and then they do something in your lifeShow MoreRelatedThe Hero As A Hero1529 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the term â€Å"Hero† is brought up, many people will have a different definition of it. According to website dictionary.com, the real definition of a ‘hero’ is â€Å"a person noted for courageous acts or nobility of character; and a person who, in the opinion of others, has special achievements, abilities, or personal qualities and is regarded as a role model or ideal.† Nowadays, the word â€Å"hero† can be associated with literally anyone. Heroism can be associated such as famous people, fictional charactersRead MoreThe Hero As A Hero1009 Words   |  5 PagesI could never fully understand what the title hero represents. It is very confusing thinking about a definition of the word hero. Growing up I had a lot of heroes. My fa vorites heroes changed as I was growing older. As a kid, Superman was my favorite hero. He could fly, stop bullets, he had laser eyes, and see through walls. It was exciting. When I grow older, John McClane was my hero. He will stop terrorist all by himself, risking everything that he got just to save the people he cares about. ItRead MoreThe Hero Of A Hero907 Words   |  4 Pagesexemplifying a hero developed into something everyone longed to do. This ambition remains today. However, obtaining a hero-like persona constitutes much more than saving a cat from a tree or helping an elderly woman cross the street. A hero not only affects the direct person in need of help, but the many around as well. In order to have the classification of a hero, one must adopt a courageous, determined, selfless, and inspiring attitude while also attaining an opportunity to show heroism. A hero must manifestRead MoreA Hero As A Hero889 Words   |  4 Pages Anyone can be a hero, even you! A hero does not have to be someone with powers or a costume. A hero is someone or something that you can look up to or admire. All heroes are not perfect, and they can make mistakes as would a regular human. There is a difference though because heroes have the enormous responsibility. They are always being signaled, and they are always expected to do the right thing. Heroes are many times forced to test their character which leads them to realize their potentialRead MoreA Hero : The Characteristics Of A Hero820 Words   |  4 Pagesa firefighter and policemen can be a hero. Firefighters and policemen are strong and courageous. They risk their lives just to save and protect an everyday stranger. That is what a hero does. Being a hero does not require having super strength or need to read minds, but being a hero does require certain qualities that make a hero. One of those qualiti es is being a leader and also being courageous. Since leadership and courage are two necessary traits of a hero, heroes are usually not weak but strongRead MoreBeowulf : A Hero Or Hero?1092 Words   |  5 PagesCole Jackson Miss Sibbach Honors English IV 10 December, 2014 To Be a Hero, or To Not Be a Hero Countless people have tried to say that Beowulf represents the qualities required of an epic hero, but many people also suggest that Beowulf does not show any of these qualities. While Beowulf shows heroic characteristics in all of his acts, both pride and greed motivate his actions. The story of Beowulf contains all of the information needed to show this, but people do not notice that which they do notRead MoreA Hero Is An Epic Hero1997 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å" A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles†(Reeve, Christopher). Every culture in country across the world has their own ideals for what a proper hero should be. Most will say a hero must have these core values compassion, bravery, strength, humility, and integrity. However a person does not always have to possess they traits to be considered a hero. An example of this is an epic hero, these heroes only exist in stories andRead MoreWhat Makes A Hero Or Hero?812 Words   |  4 Pagesthat man may be, in essence, a hero. Because of this stereotypical â€Å"hero†, we do not see the real heroes in life. What really IS a hero or heroine? A hero is what we make of them, although some are undeserving of this title. We make a hero. You, me, society; we all make heroes. We give them this title. Heroes are role models, and role models, in my eyes, should possess three very significant qualities. Courage, humbleness, and morality; these form a hero. The classic hero. Ah, he’s brave and bold. HeRead MoreA Hero Essay : The Meaning Of A Hero701 Words   |  3 PagesThe Meaning Of A Hero â€Å"We’re the heroes of our time. But we’re dancing with the demons in our minds.† What is it that they see in me, I ask. But maybe it’s not what they see in you, but what you are. Being a hero is what comes to you, what changes you, to become a better person and how you change other people in the process of becoming a better person. Being a hero is about what you change in yourself, for the good of other people. A hero is not something you compare to a normal person. NormalRead MoreA Hero : A Comparison Of The Hero Of Beowulf884 Words   |  4 Pagesof one of the early heroes written about. But what is a hero? The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines a hero as: an object of extreme admiration and devotion; a mythological or legendary figure often of divine descent endowed with great strength or ability. Beowulf has many of these characteristics including great strength, and is portrayed as a legendary figure by those who look up to him. Through the entire poem, he is the epitome of a hero and displays many heroic qualities. In the poem, it states:

The Good, The Bad, And Social Media - 1534 Words

The Good, The Bad, and Social What Is Social Media in modern society of today? Social Media are networks of websites, news websites, blogs, and forums of information being acrossed the digital web often reaching the attention of the public, on a global scale. Social Media has become the beating heart of the modern era, pumping digital information to the rest of the world, and allowing society to access information from almost anywhere, but is this a good thing? Just as easily as social media can send this information, it can also send incorrect or false information to cause damage and create problems within a society but does this mean that social media is a negative commodity? Quite the contrary, just as the extent and access of social media grows, the possibility of doing good rises just slightly faster than the risks that come with it. Social Media is a righteousness that is capable of starting up projects for society with crowdfunding, it can allow almost everyone to have their opinion heard, and increase po litical participation by informing and spreading the word about what people care about the most. The first notable benefit about social media is that social media could help others by crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is a rising trend in current digital age where a fundraisers can be supported across the world by donors. Social Media spreads the word about these crowdfundings and spreads the word to people to increase physical reach of what could be done than what couldShow MoreRelatedThe Good, The Bad, And The Ugly : Sides Of Social Media Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pages The good, the bad, and the ugly: sides of social media Selfies, Likes, tweets, and posts galore. Most anywhere you go nowadays there is WiFi and access to internet. The advances of technology is helping research and making amazing medical achievements. On the entertainment side you are also always knowing what’s going on in the world and everything celebrities are doing from social media and their perfect snap chat stories. Along with every good thing in the world, technology has it’s downsidesRead MoreSocial Influences Of Social Media718 Words   |  3 PagesInfluence of Social Media Nowadays, social media has a big influence in our society. Who is didn’t use social media? Almost everyone use Social Media. Indonesia ranked 6th as the most Social Media users. After China, US, India, Brazil, and Japan. Our teenagers are so active in social media. Maybe they could be online in social media almost 24-hours per-day. But there’s a good and bad effects of social media. So, there’s some of bad and good effects of social media that we will discuss here. PeopleRead MorePro And Cons : Pros And Cons Of Social Media852 Words   |  4 PagesPros and Cons of Social Media Social Media is a place on the internet where someone can talk or interact with friends, family and/or associates. There are various types of social media and different ways of accessing it. People can go on social media through a phone, computer, tablet, or even a smart watch and there are many different types of social media like Snapchat, Facebook, and Instagram. Decades ago, the most anyone had was a phone to call someone else on but the phone was connected to aRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1033 Words   |  5 PagesAre you concerned about the use of social media? Although the use of social media may concern only the slightest percent of people, it is still a very important privilege that many people around the world don’t have access to. Social media is important because in spite of the fact that there are many safety concerns, the use of social media is of great significance because it enables people to be able to connect with anyone they want whenever they want. Anyone can see why this might be a problemRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1024 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of social media may concern only the slightest percent of people, it is still a very important privilege that many people around the world don’t have access to. Social media is important because in spite of the fact that there are many safety concerns, the use of social media is of great significance because it enables people to be able to connect with anyone they want whenever they want. Anyone can see why this might be a problem, but there are more things that are good about social media thanRead MoreThe Rise Of Social Media1248 Words   |  5 Pagesbusinesses still don’t pay enough attention to good customer service. This is partly because in the past, companies were a bit less likely to suffer greatly even if they didn’t always put the customer first. But the technological revolution has changed the way businesses need to look at customer service. The above benefits have become even more relevant and getting the customer service culture right can make or break a business. The rise of social media There are around 7.2 billion people on theRead MoreSocial Networking Good or Bad?964 Words   |  4 PagesSwellander English 1023 5 February 2012 Social Networking: Good or bad? In a recent poll of 1,200 registered voters on Poll Position regarding their view on social media, 53% voted harmful. (McNamara 1) Today’s world has incredibly evolved around technology, especially with the emergence of social networking. Through the sudden rise in social networking, the question that has been called recently in concern is whether social media/networking is bad or good? The Bad: the increase in online predatorsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Social Media1454 Words   |  6 PagesInstagram, Snapchat, Twitter, and even Facebook. But would that be a good or bad thing? Many people can agree there are some good things about social media, but there can also be bad outcomes as well. Many people think having social media can be a bad thing, because of all the strangers, negative comments, and being afraid of an account being hacked. Even though there are negative things about social media, there are a lot of good things that come from it such as, staying in touch wit h family fromRead MoreMedia Essay : The Negative Effects Of Social Media734 Words   |  3 PagesSOCIAL MEDIA According to Lisa Buyer, Social media is today’s most transparent, engaging and interactive form of public relations. It combines the true grit of real time content with the beauty of authentic peer to peer communication. social media have a lot of side effects, but there more negative effect than positive effect There are many negative effect of social media. The first one is cyberbullying. Cyberbyllying is an act of harassment towards someone else through an internet or social mediaRead MoreSocial Medi Destroying Or Creating Life965 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Media: Destroying or Creating Life. Social media has affected and transitioned the world’s culture for better and for worse. People embrace new social media as a good thing like, communication and meeting new people, a source of entertainment, job opportunities, and many more. But for others, it can totally turn it around and make it into a bad thing for them. Social media is an outbreak on the internet which lets people communicate and for you to explore new boundaries just on your computers

Sectional Models of CDS Spreads

Question: Discuss about the Sectional Models of CDS Spreads. Answer: Introduction: In the year 1998, long-term capital management (LTCM) hedge fund collapsed in the Russian crisis and a decade later. In the year 2007, the global economic crisis erupted and emphasized on the importance of the liquidity for the investors. This period seen an increase in the Spread of CDS by hundred basis point (bp) and one basis point is hundredth of a percentage point (Hertrich 2014). This created severe illiquidity in the market and many investor as well as hedge funds had to close their trading positions, which triggered a fire sale. Fire sale stands for a position, in which securities, mostly unwanted ones, have very less financial values sold to the known clients who just have no idea about what those securities are. This incidence emphasized on the values of the liquidity in the credit market and the risk models in the turmoil phase. For investors, policy makers and the researcher in the field of financial market research, it is very important to know the importance of the CDS spreads and the size of the CDS market for measuring the financial health, stability and health of the sector. It is important to understand the intensifying factors that played a major role in the recent crisis. Cifuentes et al. (2005) in their article relates to the relationship between credit risk and liquidity. They add that the recent crisis felt the perfect need to put an importance to the restricted use of the CDS and importance of having a liquid position in the market. Moreover, the article focuses on the rationality of treating the liquidity as a weak exogenous in the time series sense when compared to credit risk or the vice versa. Finally, they reveal that around 39% of the Swiss and German companies felt that credit risk is a weak endogenous for liquidity while around 4.5 % of the companies suggested that the vice-versa is true . The trading scenario was changing just before the global crisis and the market for the derivatives expanded rapidly. The liquidity of the markets dealing with derivatives assumes to have a higher value than the liquidity of the underlying assets and likely corporate bonds. Underlying assets mean the value of the securities depends on the underlying assets. If the underlying asset is corporate bonds then the amount that the investor will get is the value underlying holds at the date of the maturity. The global crisis made people knowledgeable about the actual scenario leading to the value of the underlying assets. To gauge the liquidity of the assets and other securities different models, both advanced financial and statistical used to deal with the issue of liquidity. This study focuses on the non-us markets and conducted very recently, just after the market crash of (Chen, Lesmond and Wei 2007). In addition, it is the first one to focus on the reasons of the changes in the bid ask spread ,the impact of the financial markets in general and CDS market in particular as well as the liquidity related to it (Hamilton 1994). Section 2.1 of the study covers the literature review, and section 2.2 discusses in detail the risk measures required. Section 3 is the methodology used to determine the co-relation between both risks. While Section 4 presents the samples and the subsamples used and section 5 is the empirical section divided in three parts. In this study, different financial jargons are used such as CDS, bid-ask price, trade volume, quotations and others. Liquidity and Liquidity Risk The term liquidity means the ease at which particular assets can convert into cash. Assuming a situation where the investors prefer more liquid assets and those assets priced at a higher price, and the trading costs associated with it lowered and bid ask spreads of the assets has to split up. Liquidity itself has a risk associated with it and liquidity risk related to the probability that the asset cannot trade when liquidity is stochastic (Cont and Wagalath 2013). Liquidity risk tends to be high when the probability of the tradability of the assets becomes less. This becomes at an alarming position when the probability reaches one and the market becomes illiquid. So, when the market is liquid and the liquidity risk is low then the bid ask spread found to be small and stable. The risk component, which is the same for all the market makers, is only dependent on the market structure called exogenous liquidity risk. On the other hand, the liquidity risk which varies with the size of the trading position is within the control of the market maker is called endogenous risk. The exogenous liquidity risk often cited as the bid-ask spread. In this study, both risks cited exclusively and used interchangeably. The bond market scenario has changed a lot, and the current trend has used the credit derivatives market from where the investors can take positions regarding various securities and shed off the risky positions. This helped in the emergence of the new problem in the fixed income analysis of the bonds that spread of the corporate bonds into credit risk and liquidity component. In the recent financial risk, the lack of liquidity of the investors made the events take a serious turn, and it literally shook the world (Cifuentes et al. 2005). The spread of the corpo rate bond is determined as the gap between the duty free interest rate given in the default free interest rate and the yield to maturity rate of the bonds. The Relationship between Liquidity Risk and Credit Risk The loss which triggered by the default of a debtor is called credit risk, and the risk is maximum when the probability becomes one. No such empirical theories clearly states how the risk factors interact dynamically with each other. In the Merton model, corporate bond uses as an underlying and a relation draws between the credit and liquidity risk. Whenever the credit risk increases, the liquidity risk also increases at the same time. In the recession, the liquidity shortages accompany by the rising CDS spreads, and the similarity between the bonds and CDS have made a positive relation between liquidity and illiquidity risk. Whereas another model states that in the case of short selling, the illiquid assets may often make higher prices than liquid assets depending upon the investment horizon and risk-taking capacity of the short seller. Liquidity itself finds to be a multi-dimensional concept and cannot observe directly, so it measures by a variable associated with the bid-ask spread. The cost incurred relates to the taxes and fees associate with the trading as well as the associated costs relate to it. The absolute bid price is determined as the difference between the highest and the lowest of the bid prices. Upon comparing different liquidity measures of the US Treasury securities, it is found that the bid ask spread is found to be the best proxy as per the liquidity risks. On the other hand, another model shows that alternative liquidity measures and bid ask price are highly co-related and alternative liquidity measures include the effective spread of the trading volume. Bonds, which have a rating of say AAA, known to be default free, and they often trade at a positive spread, which remains quite high as compared to the yield on treasury bonds. This paper discusses thoroughly how the difference in the value of th e spread can take a significant turn and affect the liquidity position of the entire market (Bongaerts, De Jong and Driessen 2012). CDS spreads normally trades on the standardized items and provide a pure pricing of the risk of the underlying assets. On the other hand, the bond spreads severely affected by the gap of chosen risk free benchmark and contractual agreements (Breitenfellner and Wagner 2012). Another merit of CDS spreads is that they are effective indicator of assessing the credit risk and respond quickly to the changes in the credit run than credit spreads as a result of the short sale restrictions and the funding issues associated with it. The researcher shows that about one-quarter of the corporate credit spread could define as a default prone or risky in nature due to the difference in the market spread against other different bonds (Hertrich 2014). The data of the study has a senior single of 5-year CDS risk and bid prices quoted in basis points and determined in Euros, which figured out on 24 August 2007 to 1 June 2010. This period marks the entire tenure of the financial crisis from the collapse of the Lehman Brothers to the end of the financial crisis. In addition, this paper consists of 5-year maturity CDS only as the CDS contracts thought to be the most liquid of all the contracts (Bolton and Oehmke 2013). The focus here is on the short-term relationship between the liquidity risk and the credit risk, and the imbalances are present in the liquidity risk supply and demand impact liquidity. On the other hand, in the cross sectional regression analysis, there is a tremendous amount of positive co relation between the default and liquidity components of the bond yield spread of the securities. Data and Methodology The collected data is from the database of the Credit Market Analytics, which holds the maximum number of credible data of the most active and the largest buy side investors: asset managers, hedge funds and the global investment banks. Even if the CDS markets operates as an over the counter market, the using data from the large number of investors and majority of being blue chip companies makes the data more credible and helps to mitigate the problem. One can observe that daily the CDS risk and bid prices are comparatively stable over the sampling period. Around spring 2008, just after the global investment bank bear Stearns signed a deal with J P Morgan for a merger agreement. On 16 March 2008 just after Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, the bid- risk prices exhibited large amount of spikes. These incidences were one-off incidence and the prices showed volatility in those cases whereas in normal cases the bid-risk prices were low and stable (Hertrich 2014). This study is made to identify whether at the time of time series the credit risk changes are weakly exogenous with the liquidity risk changes. Various finance models are used, namely VAR model. The stationary test of Kwiatkowski shortened as KPSS model, which tests whether the mid-rate and the bid risk spread are stationary. This particular method is helpful in case of examining the causality in the stochastically trending variables. In a while, the researcher has moved forward from KPSS model to the Granger causality analysis in a bivariate VAR. It is assumed in the relative models that the mid-rate and bid ask spread are to be weakly stationary. The VAR allows only for a maximum of seven lags as this removes any sort of serial correlations. The optimal number of lags calculates by lowering the value of the Akaike criterion of information. Company ? ? ABB 0.330 1.006 CS 1.192 2.228 HOLCIUM 1.159 3.061 SwissRe 2.022 2.517 UBS 1.410 1.187 Table (1) : Granger Causality Test for Swiss Companies (Source: Ang, Goetzmann and Schaefer 2010) Company ? ? BASF 0.615 2.084 Dialmer 0.330 1.379 DBank 0.500 1.184 Lufthansa 1.065 1.802 Granger Causality Test for German Companies (Source: Cor, Dufour and Varotto 2013) Before calculating the Granger causality test, the properties and the model assumptions are checked, which helps to test the residuals for conditional heteroscedasticity, auto co relation and the non- normality method by using the related multivariate test statistics. Other methods for calculating the multivariate tests like ARCH-LM models and multivariate Jarque Bera test used exclusively to reach at the desired conclusions (Hertrich 2014). Empirical Findings Different advanced time series properties like Bid ask spread Stationarity, Mid-rate stationarity, Bid ask spread and mid-rate auto co relation used in the study. Bid ask spread stationarity looks for a time trend in the mid-rate and bid ask spread. It is found that as per the KPSS test, the bid ask spread are non-stationary whereas the changes are highly stationary. As such and until date, it is found to be no agreement on the fact that CDS bid ask spread be stationary or not. Another hypothesis also comes into play that mid-rate and bid ask spread both bounded from zero, and the traditional unit root is rejecting the null hypothesis of the unit root. The mid-rate stationarity helps in determining the difference between the mid-rate levels of the KPSS tests and a null hypothesis is included as an intercept. The findings of these test helps in according with the time series properties of the CDS spreads ,and the data presented in the study is taken from 9th August 2007 to 29th March 2010 included German and Swiss companies (Hamilton 1994). The companies that taken in the study are, ABB, Roche, Swiss Re and many others across different sectors namely; insurance, chemicals, electric, healthcare and others. The ratings of the bonds vary as per the companies are holding the bonds and normally they are in the range of CCC to AAA. In the mid-rate segment, the average is around 93% of the bonds has a default risk component and 65% has a risk to the total bond spread whereas 35% of the total of the corporate bonds known to have a liquidity risk component. Bid risk spread analyzes the changes in the mid-rate and the bid risk spread taking into consideration a very large lags and the null hypothesis serially rejected in the co related time series. The CCF determines the direction, and the co relation of the two time series observed (Campbell and Taksler 2003). Even the CCF is helpful in making important lags and leads of the mid-rate changes or the bid risk spread changes, and the stationary difference exhibits largely in the stationary difference. It is found in the study that the time difference is responsible for the change in the mid-rate changes and the bid risk price changes. This particular theory thoroughly used in the study and deductions have been made based on the above models .Also from the study, it is observed that in case of the companies from Switzerland, a major co relation co efficient found among them but not at all a healthy sign of operations. Although the epicenter of the global financial crisis was in the United S tates, but the repercussions stroked throughout the world and Switzerland is not an exception. Switzerland also felt the severity of the crash, which affected all of the companies (Hertrich 2014.). Other studies are focused mainly on the economy and companies of us, but this study focuses exclusively on the non US operations. In addition, the timing of the study took place during 2007 to 2010, in the turmoil phases. Another finding in this study is that a liquidity enhanced Capital Asset Pricing Model or a value at risk model. This inculcates the fact that liquidity should be treating as an endogenous and the control for the interaction among the liquidity with the credit risk as against the standard price method that used until date. Different models applied taking the real life scenario and the data of the study took from the recession period when the economy was showing sign of recession in mid-2007 to the end of 2010 where the economy was showing signs of improvement (Hull 2006). The recession began with the collapse of the century old Investment bank Lehman Brothers and many business houses and hedge funds close down their operations. Bear Sterns is one such investment bank that acquired by another big giant company called J P Morgan and ultimately the two companies merged. Conclusion Many economists cited the collapse of the markets caused by the illiquid market and the CDS factors. This study has thoroughly researched to the cause of particularly the bonds and the effect it presented on the overall market. Illiquid market is always a matter of concern to particularly the investors and the governments as well. The investors do not get their return at the right time and the government is unable to pay off the dues and spend on the public. The findings of the study show that how the policies the government regulatory body takes should align with the risk taking ability of the entire market. In addition, solution is providing as to how a further 2007 like incidence can avert from coming. Different views are discussing as regards to the mathematical and financial models with their application in the corporate bonds. So, the effects of applying standard testing procedures over time series analysis and the alternative methods of the application in the alternative casua lty tests in the discrete time series are discussing. This study will be helpful in averting another 2007 like scenario and the government regulatory body investors will be extra cautious in investing in a particular bond. Reference Acharya, V.V. and Pedersen, L.H., 2005. Asset pricing with liquidity risk. Journal of financial Economics,77(2), pp.375-410. Amihud, Y. and Mendelson, H., 1986. Asset pricing and the bid-ask spread. Journal of financial Economics,17(2), pp.223-249. Ang, A., Goetzmann, W.N. and Schaefer, S.M., 2010. The efficient market theory and evidence: implications for active investment management. Foundations and Trends in Finance,5(3). Bolton, P. and Oehmke, M., 2013. Strategic conduct in credit derivative markets.International Journal of Industrial Organization,31(5), pp.652-658. Bongaerts, D., De Jong, F. and Driessen, J., 2012. An asset pricing approach to liquidity effects in corporate bond markets. Breitenfellner, B. and Wagner, N., 2012. Explaining aggregate credit default swap spreads.International Review of Financial Analysis,22, pp.18-29. Campbell, J.Y. and Taksler, G.B., 2003. Equity volatility and corporate bond yields.The Journal of Finance,58(6), pp.2321-2350. Chen, L., Lesmond, D.A. and Wei, J., 2007. Corporate yield spreads and bond liquidity.The Journal of Finance,62(1), pp.119-149. Cifuentes, R., Ferrucci, G. and Shin, H.S., 2005. Liquidity risk and contagion.Journal of the European Economic Association,3(2?3), pp.556-566. Cont, R. and Wagalath, L., 2013. Running for the exit: distressed selling and endogenous correlation in financial markets.Mathematical Finance,23(4), pp.718-741. Cor, F., Dufour, A. and Varotto, S., 2013. Credit and liquidity components of corporate CDS spreads.Journal of Banking Finance,37(12), pp.5511-5525. Das, S.R., Hanouna, P. and Sarin, A., 2009. Accounting-based versus market-based cross-sectional models of CDS spreads.Journal of Banking Finance,33(4), pp.719-730. Hamilton, J.D., 1994.Time series analysis(Vol. 2). Princeton: Princeton university press. Hertrich, M., 2014. Does credit risk impact liquidity risk? Evidence from credit default swap markets. International Journal of Applied Economics, 12(2), pp. 1-46 Houweling, P. and Vorst, T., 2005. Pricing default swaps: Empirical evidence.Journal of International Money and Finance,24(8), pp.1200-1225. Hull, J.C., 2006.Options, futures, and other derivatives. Pearson Education India.

Native Americans in California Missions Essay Sample free essay sample

Spanish wanted to colonise some of America. merely like the Europeans. Building spiritual based Missions all throughout California was a manner for them to keep ultimate societal. political. and economic control. Spanish adventurers arrived on the boundary line of California during the sixteenth century. The really first Franciscan mission was built in San Diego during 1769. By 1833. 20 two Spanish Missions existed from Southern California to Northern California. Native Americans made up about tierce of those who lived and worked at the Missions. There were an estimated 310. 000 Indians life in California during the sixteenth century. The Spanish provided the Native Americans with the necessities such as nutrient. vesture. and shelter. Although the California Missions had the right purposes of supplying for the Native Americans. the Spanish acted in an inhumane and unjust manner. Junipero Serra arrived in San Diego in 1768 and take a group of Franciscans to happen belongings and more significantly. workers. He welcomed the Native Americans with unfastened weaponries and unfastened doors. In a primary papers written by Junipero Serra himself. he admitted that he used the Native Americans entirely for work. However. he said that supplying them with nutrient and shelter compensates for their difficult work. â€Å"So if households other than Indian semen from at that place. it will function the same purpose really well—that is. if we can supply for them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Serra ) . Serra’s guardians province that he respected the Natives’ civilization. However. his criticizers argue that he used force to press the Native Americans to populate at the Missions against their will. Although the Natives did non hold with Serra’s beliefs and actions. they were really respectful for the most portion. For those who did non esteem Serra received physical penalty with â€Å"whips. ironss. and stocks to implement spiritual obedience† ( Serra ) . Junipero Serra was a great leader who made certain the California Missions were in order. The California Mission had worthy purposes and programs for the Native Americans. The Spanish welcomed them into their ‘homesâ₠¬â„¢ and provided them with the necessities such as nutrient. vesture. and shelter. However. life at the Missions had its effects. The Native Americans were forced to alter their full life styles – from their beliefs. their day-to-day modus operandis. to the manner they dressed and what they ate. Although anthropologists conducted that some Native Americans enjoyed their new lives. more than 80 per centum refused to change over their ways of life ( Sandos. 13 ) . For 1000s of old ages. the Natives were accustomed with their ain life style and beliefs. and all of a sudden. everything was stripped off from them. Even their personal individuality was taken off from them. The Franciscans provided each person with Spanish names which were to be used alternatively of their native birth names. â€Å"The missions were non agents of knowing captivity. but instead rapid and hence violent societal and cultural change† ( Archibald. 24 ) . The Native Americans ended up going revenue enhancement wage citizens along with being under Spanish flying 24 hours a twenty-four hours. seven yearss a hebdomad. The Franciscans had really different beliefs and traditions from the Native Americans. The Native Americans were forced to change over their faith to Roman Catholics. The Native Americans were more of a â€Å"spiritual† group instead than a spiritual group. Alternatively of believing in personified figures. such as Jesus. they believed liquors lie within their nature. Native Americans feed their energy off of nature. They believed that they are protected by the Mother Nature that surrounded them. The Spanish used faith to explicate their actions. which made it ‘okay’ for them to change over the Native American’s beliefs because they were backed up by their God ( California ) . Every individual life and working at the Mission had to be officially baptized as a rite of transition. On Sundays and vacation everyone was obligated to travel to church and worship. The Natives were forced to memorise Catholic rites. vocals. and Bibles. Prayer lasted four hours on S undays and feast yearss. On a regular footing on typical yearss. supplication lasted two hours. Catholicity was a immense portion of life at the Missions. The Missions were surrounded by Spanish soldiers so everyone was watched really closely. Once the Native Americans accepted the Spanish life style. it was about impossible to get away. It was as if they were held against their ain will. A few beginnings compare the intervention of Native Americans to slavery ( Archibald. 48 ) . Slavery is defined as an economic development that benefits merely the slave-owner. In the California Missions. the Native Americans worked entirely to supply and keep a certain life style for the Spanish. Besides minimum nutrient and shelter. the Native America’s natural human rights were stripped from them. Native America adult females made vesture. prepared repasts. cleaned the suites. and whatever domestic jobs needed to be done at the Mission. Native American female parents even had to care for Spanish kids alternatively of concentrating on their ain ( Mission ) . The Native American work f orces had to run for nutrient and construct new Missions. In add-on. they learned woodworking. leatherworkers. Smiths. and farm work. The Franciscans controlled their yearss into a strict agenda announced by church bells ( Archibald. 104 ) . If the workers were non done with their undertakings by the bells of the church bells. they would endure major effects. The Franciscans did non see their actions as imprisonment because they believed that the Providence of nutrient and shelter compensates for Natives’ difficult work. In world. the Missions were non a topographic point to populate a life of easiness nor was it a topographic point to get personal luck and prosperity. The Native Americans were non worked to decease like the slaves in southern United States at this clip. However. the rigorous ordinance. cruel and unusual penalties and forced new traditions are highly inhumane Acts of the Apostless. Harmonizing to Julio Cesar. â€Å"When I was a male child the intervention given to the Indians at the Mission was non good at all. We were at the clemency of the decision maker. who ordered us to be flogged whenever and nevertheless he took notion† ( Mission ) . Every Mission had two priests. One priest’s responsibilities were to prophesy and learn about faith. The other priest’s responsibilities were purely on the work field. He instructed and gave the Native Americans and other workers their responsibilities. The life style in the California Missions was set in a really strict agenda so it was about impossible for the Native Americans to take a interruption or get away the adversity. The Natives resisted colonisation after merely a short clip life and working at the Missions. There were a few deathly rebellions conducted by the Native Americans. They destroyed Mission belongings and even threatened to kill priests. The most ill-famed onslaught occurred in San Diego. On November 4. 1775. 100s of work forces wholly destroyed the Cuiamac Rancheria Mission of San Diego. The work forces besides killed three Hispanics. including the Father. Padre Jaime ( Sandos. 92 ) . In add-on. in 1824. another great Indian rebellion in California occurred at the Missions of Barbara. A big portion of the Mission edifice was wrecked by a big fire. On the same twenty-four hours. 100s of Native Americans attacked the Spanish gu ardians and soldiers. Leaderships of the rebellion were badly punished. Seven were executed and the others were imprisoned or required to make even crueler labour. The Natives revolted because of their hapless intervention and forced labour enforced by the soldiers and Fathers ( Sandos. 73 ) . These rebellions were among the many others throughout the sixteenth century in the California missions. This proves that the Native Americans were ferocious about acquiring different beliefs and work forced onto them. The Spanish colonists caused a batch of wellness jobs to boom all throughout California. Soon after the reaching of Spanish settlers. diseases spread from Southern California to Northern California so Native American human deaths heightened. Highly infective diseases such as variola. rubeolas. and syphilis killed 1000s of Native Americans. particularly kids. so the Indian population dropped drastically ( Sandos. 64 ) . About 60 per centum of the Mission Native Americans’ decease was due to intr oduced diseases. In merely a few decennaries. the Native American population in California decreased from 310. 000 to about 100. 000. Since the California Missions held many abodes. people lived in such confined infinites which caused contagious diseases to distribute quickly. In order to maintain the population at a steady rate for adequate workers. Mission leaders separated Native American kids from their parents to keep the children’s wellness to salvage them to work at the Missions as they got older ( California ) . The Natives were ferocious that their households were being separate. Mothers were non at that place to care for their kids. so the Native kids were on their ain. There was a deficiency of doctors to care for the ailment so non everyone could be helped. Diseases were non the lone ground why the Native population dropped drastically. They went through strict alterations in diet so their organic structures were non used to the nutrient they were eating. In add-on. malnutrition caused toxins in their organic structures. In add-on. the intense demanding manual labour is a factor that contributed to their inability to get the better of the illness. Death rates were higher than birth rates so the Mission had to maintain enrolling different folks all throughout California ( Mission ) . By 1834. there were merely approximately 15. 000 Native American occupants in the 20 two Missions. The Spanish were merely in contact with the Native Americans for personal addition. The Franciscans maintained entire economic. societal. and political control all throughout California. Very few Native Americans chose to remain at the Missions voluntarily. During their clip at the Missions. they had to carry on rough labour and all of their rights were taken off from them. Although they provided the Native Americans with nutrient. shelter. and vesture. the Franciscans treated them like slaves. The Spanish’s engagement backfired since a bulk of Native Americans died due to illness. doing them about extinct. The physical and metal demands required were a major strain on the Native Americans.

The Cask Of Amontiallado Essays - Fiction, The Cask Of Amontillado

The Cask Of Amontiallado The Cask of Amontillado Anything not taken in moderation can be damaging. In one of Edgar Allen Poe's best-known tales of horror, The Cask of Amontillado, he suggests that pride can be a very dangerous thing, when one is overwhelmed with it. Through the use of foreshadowing, irony, and symbolism, Poe presents a horrific drama of two men. One who will stop at nothing to get the revenge that he deems himself and his family worthy of, and another who's pride will ultimately be the fall of his own death. Fortunato falls prey to Montressor's plans because he is so proud of his connoisseurship of wine, and it is for the sake of his own pride that Montressor takes revenge on Fortunato. Poe utilizes the theme of pride and many other literary techniques such as foreshadowing, revenge, and irony, in order to create a horrific and suspenseful masterpiece. In The Cask of Amontillado, Poe utilizes foreshadowing in a most grim and dark way. First, when Fortunato says, I shall not die of a cough 1, Montressor replies, True-true2. Instead, Montressor knows that Fortunato will perish from his vengeful scheme of walling him up, and having him die of starvation and dehydration. Fortunato is a proud man and he does not think that his death with be due to something as petty as a cold. Rather, he believes that his life will end as a result of some courageous act and he will die a noble death. However, Montressor can only laugh at this thought because he knows Fortunato's death will be far from noble and his pride will be broken when he is caught in his trap. Another instance of foreshadowing comes with the trowel scene. At one point in their journey, Fortunato makes a movement that is a secret sign of the Masons, an exclusive, fraternity-like organization. Montressor does not recognize this hand signal, but claims that he is a mason. When Fortun ato asks for proof, Montressor shows him his trowel. Montressor implies here he is a stonemason and, that he will be building things out of stones and mortar such as Fortunato's grave. Irony is also used throughout this tale. The use of revenge in this story shows irony. Montressor avenges himself by fooling Fortunato into literally walking into his own grave. Fortunato pursues the cask which ends up being his own casket. Montressor even asks Fortunato repeatedly whether he would like to turn back. Fortunato refuses to leave the catacombs until he proves that he is a true connoisseur of wine and that he knows more about wine then Luchesi. He will not allow his pride to be hurt even if it means getting sicker or catching pneumonia. With Montressor's trap, he takes Fortunato completely by surprise and makes his death ironic. Fortunato is the one eager to get to the end of the catacombs. Irony is also found in Montressor's statement to his friend that they should return because Fortunato's health is precious 3. This is ironic because Montressor does not really want to protect Fortunato's health, but indeed to kill him. The short story, The Cask of Amontillado, also contains a good deal of symbolism. The black silk mask and roquelaire 4, or cape, which Montressor puts on before entering the catacombs, represents the devil or death. They represent and tell the reader what Montressor has planned. His getting even is evil and will mean death to Fortunato. The coat of arms of Montressor's family is another example of symbolism and foreshadowing in the whole story. Montressor's description of it is A huge human foot d'or, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel 5. In this image, the foot is symbolic of Montressor and the serpent of Fortunato. Montressor is very proud but he feels that he was wronged and that Fortunato had insulted both him and his family, or so we are to believe. He says, I must not only punish, but punish with impunity 6. Although Fortunato has hurt Montressor, the coat of arms suggests that Montressor will ultimately crush him. It is hi s duty and obligation to right the wrongs done

Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Business Projects

Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Business Projects Introduction This paper examines how business projects do (or do not) promote growth through adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Business Projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Firms usually administer business operations in order to generate general positive effects on community. Firms normally respond both to quality of their administration in serving people and nature of their effects in community. According to Friedman, state’s administrations normally mediate association to the general public in trade transaction (2012, p. 7). Actually, Corporate Social Responsibility has been perceived as acquiescence with regulation and guidelines laid down by civic sector. Moreover, business regulations and rules have contributed to considerable desired shared values (Schwartz, 2007, p.5). In fact, business fi rms perceive conformity to regulations both as price of undertaking businesses and as foundation of prospective outlay factors in terms of status and legal action. Furthermore, Berkhout viewed that modern business firms have become global through penetrating into new trade projects to transact services and goods, and to interact with new international suppliers (2005, p. 5). Indeed, the price of business conformity to trade regulations has increased due to need of globalization. Moreover, failure to stand for domestic and international regulations has ruined trade reputation, though conformity alone is not capable to develop business brands. Modern business therefore has considered Corporate Social Responsibility as a podium for development and delineation (Samuelson Barnett, 2012, p. 10). Besides that, business projects have used Corporate Social Responsibility to built new income opportunities. Business firms have employed Corporate Social Responsibility in order to acquire a fai r viable gain over rival projects.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Gautama Singh, business project normally succeed to progress beyond trade conformity through Corporate Social Responsibility (2010, p. 4). In fact, such businesses usually excel with strong reputation due to adoption of CSR. Smith expressed that business strategic humanity usually supports generous provisions according to market demands, business policy and firm’s skills (2012, p. 19). Such determinations normally support firms’ social dedication with continuing gain of profits especially due to friendliness and implied financial opinions. Indeed, adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility enables firms to aspire for indirect financial interests. Nevertheless, Bob explained that such business projects have to form an enduring effect through sustaining and influe ncing positive impacts on society (2012, p. 3). Actually, most firms have witnessed that CSR policies support to minimize overall expenditure configuration or enhance business output. Moreover, Silber viewed that: Firms which successfully perform better than rival competitors already have adopted CSR ideals in their business projects. Actually, such firms perform better because: they comprehend clients’ expectation, have enhanced information about resourcing and cost of their business, team up with customers and business associates, and involving every employee in CSR principles (1996, p.8). Bob expressed that CSR is expected to develop impartial objectives in business operation (2012, p.5). Actually, firms and entire community should all gain business benefits. However, it is doubtful whether society really gains in business transaction.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Effects of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Business Projects sp ecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, it is important to note that CSR has hidden intention in business operations (Silber, 1996, p. 3). For instance, when firms make contribution to assist society, companies normally perform such tasks only in case they spotted prospective gains they need to reap. Actually, according to Berkhout, firms intend to enhance their image through relating themselves with basis they need to acquire; there is usually a primary interest of financial intention (2005, p.2). In fact, firms gain more than aid organizations they provide to community. Actually, Friedman viewed that: CSR normally averts interest from actual issues hence supporting firms to: evade business regulations, achieve authenticity in market and business policymaking, and modify position toward privatization of community utility. Moreover, CSR permits trade operations that create futile market-based consequences to environment and social disasters (2012, p.5). Besides that CSR averts faults or challenges contributed by business functions into customers’ interest. Furthermore, CSR usually impedes determinations to get fair and objective solutions in business processes. Conclusion CRS is an outstanding business principle which enhances prospect of firms in consideration of environmental and social values. Effects of CRS are perceived as important matters in most business firms. Unfortunately, selfish gains normally come up during allotment of resources required to increase CRS objectives. However, such CRS goals are channeled to meet social principles and accomplishment of conformity with CRS guidelines associated to environmental and public conscientiousness.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Berkhout, T 2005, â€Å"Corporate Gains: Corporate Social Responsibility can be the Strategic Engine for Long-Term Corporate Profits and Responsible Social Development†, Alternative Journal, vol 31, P. 2. Bob, F 2012, â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility: A Challenge for the Donor Community†, Development in Practice, vol.15, no. 4, p. 7. Friedman, V 2012, â€Å"The Increasingly Abstract Economics of Fashion†, Financial Times, 4 viewed on blogs.ft.com Gautama, R Singh, A 2010, â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility Practice in India: a Study of top 500 Companies†, Global Business and Management Research: an International Journal, vol. 2, p. 4. Samuelson. P Barnett. W 2012, â€Å"Inside the Economist’s Mind†, Development and Change, viewed on http:www.economistsubscriptions.com Schwartz, M 2007, â€Å"Corporate Responsibility and Australian Business: Identifying the Issues†, Australian Journal of Social Issues, vol. 42, p. 5. Silber, K 1996, â€Å"Revenue and Responsibility: a Counterattack against the Corporate Social Responsibility Movement is Taking Shape†, Insight on the News, vol. 12, p. 3. Smith. A 2012, â€Å"Free Exchange Economics†, The Economist, viewed on www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange

US and the first World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US and the first World War - Essay Example The reason why America had to employ isolationism policy during the world related to the fact that majority of the America population are immigrants with some originating from the battling Austria-Hungary and Germany. This escalated the impossibility of America intervening for favor of its historic friend Britain because many people claimed that they had certain connection with the three anti-British countries. Besides the outcry by sections of the America as having particular links with Germany and Austria-Hungary, America also objected to take the neutral position to encourage its commercial deals with all the European countries. This was irrespective of whether the trading partner was pro or anti Britain. In 1898, America and Spain got into fierce war a move that seen to be the quest by America to expand its territories. Prior to the outbreak of the war between America and Spain, there were widespread of cries and revolt by Cuban people who wanted to secure their independence from Spain. As demonstrated by Morreta and Kearney, the Spanish government oppressed the Cuban civilians and news spread across America to trigger public anger (145). The government of US through the approval of President William McKinley made peaceful calls on Spanish government to withdraw from Cuba. ... cted by Americans was due to the past painful experiences of the Civil Wars, that just preceded the Great War and that saw massive exhaustion of the war equipments and a reduced military force. However, Spanish government refused the calls and in fact moved on to sink American battleship. This triggered tension in America, and the government deployed soldiers and war equipments to attack Spanish government through both the Pacific and Caribbean Oceans. According to Morreta and Kearney, the first field of war for the American-Spanish battle was in Philippines (146). After four months of serious battle, America forces appeared to overwhelm the Spanish forces thus paving the way for the surrender. Surrendering by the Spanish forces led to the brokering of peace deal that led to the Treaty of Paris signed in 1899. It is in this war that America appeared as the world’s superpower. The silence and isolationism policy adopted by government of US came to end during the World War I. Th is happened even when America objected to maintain neutrality despites the aggression of German on Britain and France. The World War I was going to result from various factors like militarism where countries like Germany, Britain, France and Russia wanted to dominate each other on the basis of strong military bases. Escalation of the war was due the existence of many alliances formed mainly to help individual parties to strengthen their defense. For instance, Russia had established alliance with Serbia, Russia with France, Japan with Britain, France with Britain and Belgium, and Germany with Austria-Hungary (Morreta and Kearney 148). When the war began, members of a particular alliance or connected with particular common country would merge to fight the common enemy. Another cause of the WWI was

Privacy of lectronic medical records Research Paper

Privacy of lectronic medical records - Research Paper Example The cost-free factor of these technologies is an attractive initiative for a number of firms with a high customer base to adopt EMR with minimal investment on time and human resources. EMR is also gaining popularity amongst the patients or recipients of health services, especially in areas that are far away from good hospitals. The patients can view their medical records, test results and history online at the comfort of home or at work (Kolbrum, 2008). However, with the rapid rise of readily available sources online for EMR, it is fair to question whether the EMR is well-protected or easily accessible to the public. With the internet flooded with spam and the ever-present danger of hackers breaking into confidential online records, are the patients safe online? Is convenience too close for comfort? The concerns mentioned in the paragraph above will be addressed throughout the course of this paper which seeks to justify whether all good things in life are (really) for free, find ways to ensure which EMR platforms are the safest to use, and gain insight into important privacy laws that offers protection to the patient’s personal health information. The need for EMR was realized in the 1960s, when it was felt that there has to be an automated system for the re-organization and management of patient records to enable improved provision of health services to them. Laurence Weed, a physician, was the first to propose and describe the idea of computerized medical records or EMR (Pinkerton, 2008). Progressing through the 1990s, as the computer became more handy and sophisticated, the EMR systems also became complex and in wide use by the companies and medical institutions (Pinkerton, 2008). Today, in 21st century, the commonality and stress on the use of EMR is so immense that the firms are now availing and adopting the systems for free, just like Email Accounts. Going back to argument where Google and Microsoft were stated as examples, it is understood that

Analysis of the Book After the Fact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of the Book After the Fact - Essay Example In most cases, interpretation of history depends on the expertise of the historian or the generation for which the history is interpreted. This essay focuses on the chapter on Virginia and it will try to figure out the flaws that the story brings to the surface. In addition, it will give an alternative that the historian could have used in finding the truth. The story tries to explain the historical moment of the Virginia colony in the seventeenth century. It uses the settlement in the area as evidence to support the truth about the state of affairs during that time. The story relies on the written records of Captain John Smith. He was present at the time as well as other written past records to reveal issues of the historical moment. However, this process of obtaining evidence looks over vital aspects of history that could have produced another interpretation of the historical moment. For instance, the historian did not depend on the hardworking nature of the Virginians in interpret ing Captain Smith’s account. Smith’s account focuses on firsthand information rather than a critical analysis of all systems in the society (Davidson, James and Mark 45). Therefore, this approach does not reveal critical details of Virginia but rather the ones that one can see clearly with the naked eyes. Other members of the society who had passed through various political and historical exposures were the best sources of evidence rather than using Captain Smith. These Virginians would have given the historian a wide source and range of information for making informed decisions about the historical moment. The diversity of the Virginians at the time questions the reliability of using firsthand information to make decisions about the history of Virginians. For instance, the Virginians established a new system of labor in the form of slavery, which is among the many aspects of history that are difficult to capture using the eyes (Davidson, James and Mark 75). The histor ian could have used research methods to dig out hidden information about the Virginians.     

The System Level And The Programmer Level Information Technology Essay

The System Level And The Programmer Level Information Technology Essay Probably not, since any protection scheme devised by a human can also be broken and the more complex the scheme is, the more difficult it is to be confident of its correct implementation. As compared to dedicated machines, time-shared machines are far less secure, and are very easy to overload the buffers. They are also much slower to catch a virus. But in dedicated machine, all resources are available to the process being run. Q2) Under what circumstances would a user be better off using a time sharing system rather than a PC or single user workstation? Ans . When there are few other users, the task is large, and the hardware is fast, time-sharing makes sense. The full power of the system can be brought to bear on the users problem. The problem can be solved faster than on a personal computer. Another case occurs when lots of other users need resources at the same time. A personal computer is best when the job is small enough to be executed reasonably on it and when performance is sufficient to execute the program to the users satisfaction. Q3) In the designing of the operating system there are two approaches modular kernel and layered approach? How are they different? Ans. There are various differences between moduler kernel and layered approach:- A modular kernel differs from a layered approach in that there is less overhead in making a call to a lower level part of the kernel. The call doesnt have to jump through numerous layers before work gets done and parts are aware of any other parts of the kernel and not just what is below them. Modular kernel is more secure as compared to layered approach, as more operations are done in user mode than in kernel mode. Debugging and modification of data is much easier in layered approach because changes affect only limited sections of the system rather than touching all sections of the system. In modular kernel approach, kernel design and its functionality are more simple as compared to layered approach. Part B Q4) There is guest operating system and a host operating system like VMware? List all the factors in choosing the host operating system? Ans. A host operating system is the operating system that is in direct communication with the hardware. It has direct hardware access to kernel mode and all of the devices on the physical machine. The guest operating system runs on top of a virtualization layer and all of the physical devices are virtualized. A host operating system should be as modular and thin as possible to allow the virtualization of the hardware to be as close to the physical hardware as possible, and so that dependencies that exist in the host operating dont restrict operation in the guest operating system. Q5) The kernel is responsible for a action with the processes. Search through the action of kernel and describe what is the action? Ans. The various actions of the kernel are as follows: The main task of a kernel is to allow the execution of applications and support them with features such as hardware abstractions. To run an application, a kernel typically sets up an  address space  for the application, loads the file containing the applications code into memory, sets up a  stack  for the program and branches to a given location inside the program, thus starting its execution. The kernel uses  scheduling algorithms  to determine which process is running next and how much time it will be given. The algorithm chosen may allow for some processes to have higher priority than others. To perform useful functions, processes need access to the  peripherals  connected to the computer, which are controlled by the kernel through  device drivers. If sometimes the interrupt has been occurred during execution of any process then it saves the state(address) of current process, and after that when interrupt has been removed then it restores the state(address) of previous process. Q6) Considering both the system level and the programmer level. Consider the advantage and disadvantage of the following structure. Synchronous and asynchronous communication. Automatic and explicit buffering. Send by copy and send by reference Fixed-sized and variable-sized message. Ans: Synchronous and asynchronous communication- synchronous communication: Advantage:   you can get an immediate response; instant feedback fosters communication; there seems to be a more emotional bonding effect between people when there is a possiblity to communicate in real time (synchronously), spontaneity. Disadvantage: There is less time to think about what you want to say or your response to another; time may be a limiting factor, e.g time zones; synchronous communication over the computer may be difficult because of the speed of data transaction with slower connections; you need extra equipment (speakers, microphone, webcamera). asynchronous communication: Advantage: you have time to think about what you want to say; time is not a constraint. You can receive the message whenever you have time and you can analyze the content of the message more carefully so the answer you give can be even more meaningful because it has gone through a process of elaboration. Disadvantage: no immediate response, especially where time is significant; you may not know if the other person has received your message; the message loses human contact . Automatic and explicit buffering Automatic buffering : Advantage: Automatic buffering provides a queue with inde ¬Ã‚ nite length ; thus ensuring the sender will never have to block while waiting to copy a message. Disadvantage: There are no specifications how automatic buffering will be provided; one scheme may reserve sufficiently large memory where much of the memory is wasted. Explicit buffering: Advantage: Explicit buffering speci ¬Ã‚ es how large the bufferis. Disadvantage: In this situation, the sender may be blocked while waiting for available space in the queue. However, it is less likely memory will be wasted with explicit buffering. Send by copy and send by reference Send by copy: Advantage: send by copy is better for synchronization issues. Disadvantage: Send by copy does not allow the receiver to alter the state of parameter. send by reference: Advantage: A bene ¬Ã‚ t of send by reference is that it allows the programmer to write a distributed version of a centralized application Javas RMI provides both, however passing a parameter by reference requires declaring the parameter as a remote object as well. Send by reference also allow the receiver to alter the state of parameter. Disadvantage: send by reference can compromise the security of an organisation because sensitive information can be easily distributed accidently or deliberately. Fixed-sized and variable-sized messages Fixed-sized messages: Advantage: The implications of this are mostly related to buffering issues; with  ¬Ã‚ xed-size messages, a buffer with a speci ¬Ã‚ c size can hold a known number of messages. Disadvantage: with  ¬Ã‚ xed-sized messages the messages are copied from the address space of the sender to the address space of the receiving process. Variable-sized messages: Advantage: variable-sized messages (i.e. Larger messages) use shared memory to pass the message. Disadvantage: The number of variable-sized messages that can be held by such a buffer is unknown.

Essay --

In the 1990s, sexuality inculcation in the Coalesced States took a behavioral focus with two distinctive and widely disunited approaches. The first abstinence-until-espousement, limits ordinant dictation to why adolescent people should not have sex until they are espoused. The second, balanced and authentic sexuality edification inspirits students to defer sex until they are older and to practice safer sex when they become sexually active. Studies of sexuality edification in the Coalesced States show that most frequently edified subjects include factual information about magnification and development, reproductive systems, dating and setting limits, abstinence and refusal skills, pregnancy and parenting, and STDs, including HIV (CSC, 2011 ). While extemporaneous pregnancies among teens in the U.S. is at the lowest rate in years, American teenagers are still getting pregnant at a much higher rate than their counterparts in other developed countries – 3x more often than teens in Germany and France, and 4x more often than teens in the Netherlands. In 2010, extemporaneous pregnancies among U.S. teens dropped to 34.3 births per 1,000 girls aged 15-19 according to the most recent health statistics. That’s great news, but it’s still the highest teen pregnancy rate among developed nations. A report relinquished last month by The Centers for Disease Control and Obviation (CDC) surveyed 5,000 girls in 19 states who became pregnant unintentionally and gave birth between 2004 and 2008. 50% of these girls did not utilize birth control and one third of these girls didn’t cerebrate they could get pregnant. As the article A moiety of Teen Moms Don’t Use Birth Control – Why thatâ€℠¢s no surprise in Time Magazine (2012) points out, w... ...n mothers account for 11% of all births in the US. Out of all teen pregnancies, 57% end in birth. Another 14% end in miscarriage. Proximately a third of pregnant teenagers cull abortion. Out of all teenage pregnancies, 29% are terminated by abortion. Ebony teens have the highest teen pregnancy rate. For puerile women age 15-19, ebony teens are most liable to become pregnant (134 per 1,000 women). Scarcely lower rates occur among Hispanics (131 per 1,000) followed by non-Hispanic whites (48 per 1,000). The teen pregnancy rate reached an all-time high in 1990 with an estimated 116.9 per thousand and an all-time high birth rate of 61.8 births per thousand in 1991. By 2002, the pregnancy rate had dropped to 75.4 per thousand - a decline of 36%. However, a December 2007 report by the Centers for Disease Control shows a 3% increase in teenage pregnancy from 2005 to 2006.

Identifying Carbohydrates Lab Report

(insert name here) (insert period #) Identifying Carbohydrates (First inital and last name of lab partner) Purpose The purpose of this lab is to learn how to identify different forms of carbohydrates by conducting the Benedict and Iodine test. Theory The theory for this concept is that if in the benedicts test the carbohydrate reacts, it is a monosaccharide. If it reacts in the Iodine test it is a polysaccharide. If no reaction occurs in either test the carbohydrate is a disaccharide. Data Type of carbohydrate| Benedicts Test| Iodine Test|Monosaccharide| R| NR| Disaccharide| NR| NR| Polysaccharide| NR| R| Solution| Bendicts Test| Iodine Test| Honey| R| NR| Oats| NR| R| Table Sugar| NR| NR| Apple Juice| R| NR| Powdered Sugar| NR| NR| Results Solution| Type of carbohydrate| Honey| Monosaccharide| Oats| Polysaccharide| Table Sugar| Disaccharide| Apple juice| Monosaccharide| Powdered Sugar| Disaccharide| Conclusion I found that honey reacted with the Benedicts test, so it must be a monos accharide. Oats did not react with the Benedicts test, but did react ith the Iodine test; so it is a polysaccharide. Both the table sugar and the powdered sugar reacted with neither tests, so they are both disaccharides. Lastly, the apple juice reacted with the Benedicts test so it is a monosaccharide. Questions 1) It could be a Polysaccharide or a Disaccharide. 2) It could be a Disaccharide or a Monosaccharide. 3) This would be a monosaccharide. 4) This would be a Disaccharide. 5) They originally came from producers. 6) The chemical formula is Cx(H2Oy) 7) 8)C12 H22 O11

X essays

X essays Often people feel threatened by things they cant place a label on. I believe its just human nature to view something, and then try to associate or place a label on it. This is very evident in the story of X. This is definitely, a story written to influence the readers behavior. The bold X in the authors writing is a deliberate attempt to confuse the reader. The X is in contrast to the rest of the article. Although the story of X contains a message of acceptance, it also contains connotations that, its not ok to be part of the norm. The beginning of the story opens with the scientist, a permanent group, trying to find the right parents to raise baby X. To qualify as the parents, they would have to basically disregard all the norms and roles that is attributed to families, primary group, of today. When a newborn is brought home in society, its customary for the husband to pass out blue cigars for a boy and pink for a girl. (a type of symbol to communicate gender) In the case of X, when they arrived at home, the friends and relatives, primary formal and informal groups, didnt know how to react when the Joneses told them X wasnt a boy or a girl, but an X! The friends and relatives were displaying an authoritarian personality. They couldnt say look at her cute little dimples or look at his husky little biceps, stereotypes. At the same time, the Joneses were displaying a Machiavellian personality, by not telling them what baby X was. They were trying to manipulate the family and friends behavior. The scientist also displayed a Machiavellian personality. By doing this, there is a definite role conflict for the parents. Family and friends were put off and confused by their inability to label X, a boy or girl. As X was growing up, the parents had to go against the norms. When raising X, they bounced it and hugged it allot. They came into rol...

Safeguarding Essay Example

Safeguarding Essay Example Safeguarding Essay Safeguarding Essay This could be because of mental or physical health issues. G. Neglect by others- This is a failure to meet a person care needs by another person. 2. Identify the signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse (1. 1. ) Physical- Bruising thats odd shaped, burns, marks on the skins, broken bones, unexplained falls. Sexual- Anxiety, fear of contact, bleeding, infection in genital area, bursitiss , crying unexplained, withdrawal, torn clothes, self harming and neglect. Emotive/physical- Change in sleep Patten , nightmares, seeking behavior, self isolation, loss or gain weight, sadness, crying depression, low self esteem lack of self confidence. Financial- Unexplained bills to pay, over spending money not explain, no food in house, big withdrawals from the account, money missing pressure to change the ill. Institutional- rigid runtimes, lack of choice, cultural need religious needs not met, restrict to food,drink , having baths. Self neglect- Personal hygiene, not taking care of medical needs, not eating, misuse of drugs and alcohol. Neglect by others- Denial of care and rights, choices, with holding medication, falling to meet a persons needs i. E social, cultural needs not providing food and drink. Failure of duty of care. 3. Describe factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse (1. 1. 3) Factors of contribute to the individual being more alienable to abuse are related to the individual and to there situation for expand ; they may depend on social support was stop this can leave the infinitival more vulnerable to abuse as may become insolate. If an individual was having communication problems like speech or hearing and all support was Stop because Of the career could make them isolated witch can make the situation be high stress level ,a lack of support given to care giver of if they have physical or mental health issues or staff shortages. 4. Explain the actions to take if there are suspicions that an individual is being abused (2. . 1) If you suspect someone is being abuse at your work place you should follow your policy and procedure. You need to report it to the team leader or manger or talk to someone you trust while maintain confidentiality. By doing this your be keeping the person safe. Maintain duty of care. Make sure you have all the facts and that they are right but if you are in any adult always report it to the manger. Follow up about the situation and that it has been recorded. Safety is everyone responsibility doing nothing is unsafe practice. 5. Explain the actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being bused (2. 2. 2) If an individual tessellates that they are being abuse you should follow procedure and take the person seriously. Take them some where safe and private. Keep them calm and try to look normal and not angry listen to them. Respect what they would like to do. Reassure them and give them your support make sure you let them know what they are area what your going to do to help them make sure you record and let them know there not to blame and erasure them. Try not to put them in anymore danger ask questions that leading you may have to ask that they may not like-Make urea you disuses the situation with the people who need to be informed. 6. Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved (2. 2. ) The Fri. part of duty of care will be to alleged victim take steps to pressure any evidence. Where a criminal offence may of took place-Do not move or remove anything or touch. Dont clean or tidy up or let anyone who not evolved in the area. When talking to the person recorded any visible signs such as bruising, torn clothing, signs Of distress. Handle anything with care try not to touch mach as it may be used as evidence keep the per son warm as they maybe In stock. . Identify national policies and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse (3. 3. ) Policies -? Legal powers to intervene humans right at 1 998 Mental capacity act 2005 Safeguarding vulnerable group act 2006 Health and social care act 2008 Has act, regulation 2010, ICQ regulation 2009 8. Explain the roles of different agencies in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse (3. 3. 2) Local authority adult social care Services they receive safeguarding alerts make sure action is taken to keep persona. Give information and advice. Arrange meeting and case conference. Represented at police interviews. All agencies. E police, INS, Gasp, Medical services etc. They implement and work to the safeguarding adults policies and procedures. They ensure staff are aware of signs and symptoms on abuse and getting training on the safeguarding adult and policies and procedures. They ensure staff are aware are area of signs and symptoms of abuse and getting training on the safeguarding police reporting and recording procedures they also require by law CURB checked. Police are to investigate allegation of abuse gather evidence and protect people in situation. Medical services provide retirement if required understate an investigation or medical examination if required. . Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse.

Netflicks case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Netflicks - Case Study Example Netflix strategies To remain in the market as the most online subscriber of movies in United States, Netflix had to employ unique strategies since competition was high. One of strategies that the firm had emulate in order to remain an ever-growing subscriber of online movies was provision of large scope selection of DVDs titles to it customers (Emerson 79). This meant that a lot of DVDs were available to the subscribers. Secondly, the firm aimed at acquiring new content by building and maintaining mutually beneficial relationships with entertainment video providers. Thirdly, Netflix provides enjoyable movies to the subscribers and making sure the subscribers are the one to choose from a list of movies. The fourth strategy that they use to remain in the market is giving the subscribers time to watch streaming content or receiving quickly delivered DVDs via the mail. Additionally, the company spends a lot of funds in marketing to attract more customers while still making sure that thei r brands and services are available in all major markets. Ethics and social responsibility of Netflix One of the ethical issues of Netflix is to provide online streaming of videos to individuals that are not pirated (Peter 23). Netflix aim is to revolutionize the way many people rented movies and introduce streaming of movies via online. One of social responsibility that the firm had to provide to the subscribers was to make sure that movies were readily available to them (Vitorovich 36). Through maintenance of strong relationship among the employees and ensuring their safety in the work place, the firm has afforded to outdo their rivals like Blockbusters who were engaging them to stiff competition (Den and Koopman 35). In addition, Netflix focuses at shipping about 2 million DVDs on average to daily subscribers and this goal is almost to be achieved since they had been able to get 61% of company’s subscribers who were watching movies on TV episodes. Marketing and promotions Netflix uses different marketing strategies to attract subscribers including banners, text on popular sites that a lot of people were associated with like yahoo, radio stations, regional and national television. These marketing strategies are able to get 194 millions visitors annually; this was five times the number of blockbuster customers (Janko 56). Discounts to subscribers who were active in online purchase were given, this motivated the subscribers. Netflix Company was able to advertise programs to studios and in return they got cash considerations from the studios (Chavez 70). Free movies were offered during advertisement to make sure that the brands were accepted in the market. Advertisement expenses were $205.9 million in 2009, $181.4 million in 2008, and $207.9 million in 2007. Due to the company culture of marketing and promotions, it has emerged as a top performer in the online marketing (Kolb 45). Finance and accounting Netflix revenues grew from $500 millions in 2004 to 1.2 billions. Later in 2010, the figure rose to $2.1 billions comparing with their rivals who showed sharp decline of$569 million loss in revenue (Stelter 61). In 2010, Netflix boards of directors authorized expenditure of up to $300 millions to purchase share of common stock. Netflix recorded a profit of US $6.5 millions and revenue of $272 millions Human resource of Netflix Netflix is run by a group of

Elecitation and pretexting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Elecitation and pretexting - Essay Example It is the use of publicly available information to in order to creates ones new identity and using it to acquire information needed to convince their target to take a specific action. The tools of social engineering can be used to detect criminal activities by tracing the conversations of the suspects before they engage in attacks. Elicitation has aided in the fight against global challenges such as terrorism through the tracking of conversations using modern communication gadgets. It can be used to get some vital information that may lead to the hideouts of criminals. The tool is used by politicians and other leaders to make inroads into the camps of opponents for safeguarding the nation. Pretexting can be used to gain vital information on the operations of illegal business ventures and bringing them to the public for legal measures to be undertaken. Intelligence services adopt the use of elicitation to track down hackers who use similar techniques in propagating criminal activities (Hadnagy,

IKEA Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IKEA Analysis - Essay Example Retaining competitive advantage is inevitable for firms to ensure profitability. This can be achieved by implementing effective management strategies and processes that allow them to conduct a thorough internal analysis of their businesses, such as benchmarking, value chain analysis etc., to name a few. For the purpose of this paper, benchmarking as a method of internal analysis is used and applied on IKEA. The process of benchmarking is of vital significance for organizations today, since it affords them the ability to compare their performance with that of their rivals or similar processes within their own organizations. The process was first used and introduced by Xerox Corporation, with a view to gain competitive advantage over their rivals in the industry, and capitalize on their strengths by overcoming their weaknesses and limitations (Zairi, 1996). The process of benchmarking is evolutionary in nature, whereby the companies involved begin by analyzing the various internal proc esses employed by them, and seek improvements in areas identified as problematic, thus ensuring best practices within the organizations (Wireman, 2004). Definitions: The concept of benchmarking has been widely used within the field of management and is defined differently by different authors. According to Zairi (1996: 35) "A benchmark refers to something that serves as a standard by which others may be served". However one of the most commonly and widely used definitions of benchmarking is the one developed by Xerox, which states describes benchmarking as "the continuous process of measuring our products, services and practices against the toughest competitors or those companies recognized as industry leaders" (cited in Kozak, 2004: 5). 2. Introduction: The global furniture retail industry comprises of various stakeholders and players. IKEA is one such international furniture retail chains, which dominates the global furniture market. It was founded by a Swedish furniture manufactu rer, Ingvar Kamprad, in the year 1943 (IKEA, 2012a). IKEA today, has grown into a global retail brand, with as many as 131,000 employees working in 41 countries across the globe, generating annual sales worth 24.7 billion Euros (IKEA, 2012b). IKEA, as is apparent from the statistics mentioned above, has come to become one of the most globally trusted and appreciated brands in the retail furniture industry. However by the turn of the 20th century, several new players entered the industry, thus making it imperative for the existing businesses to improve and enhance their product capabilities in order to retain their competitive positioning in the industry. In present day competitive climate, the firms within the retail furniture industry are required to lower their costs, improve product range and quality, and cater to a wide consumer segment spread across the globe, in order to increase their profitability. The situation is worsened with the highly volatile external economic environm ent, making it difficult for firms to offer good quality products at lower prices. Its core business mantra is â€Å"Low prices with meaning† which drives them to strive for lowering the costs of their

Culture Art and Technology Essay Example for Free

Culture Art and Technology Essay Among figures of religion, Mahatma Gandhi, Mohammed, and Siddhartha Gautama are some of the prominent individuals who have shared before the world their religious experiences with respect to their own religion. Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism have all received a great amount of fundamental advancement from the ideas and actions of these important individuals. Not only did they help shape the very religion they are attached to—they established it like no other. Yet even though their beliefs and characters are particularly unique from one another being human examples of the tradition in which they are a part of, they still hold one common strand—they all had religious experiences that were influenced by their family ties, geographical location and cultural background to name a few. Through the course of the years, history tells us that the raids later evolved into a struggle motivated by religious grounding— believers against non-believers. This indicates the idea that the spiritual experiences and conquests of Mohammed hold a central position in defining the religious practices of Muslims. While Gandhi espouses peaceful and non-violent methods in attaining the causes of Hinduism, Mohammed and Islam’s concept of jihad adopts the idea that religion itself can be the primary reason for engaging in violent measures in order to further the goal of Islam. Nevertheless, the fact remains that Mohammed’s role in the development of Islam as an established religion in many countries separated by geographical boundaries is crucial inasmuch as it cannot be denied. The same holds true for Siddhartha Gautama whose reputation in the religion of Buddhism is greatly acknowledged as essential both by believers and academic scholars. As Herman Hesse suggests, Siddhartha espouses the idea that, for one to know one’s quest in life, it is imperative to find the source from within and not from without, like a â€Å"flowing river† that attracts â€Å"a deep love for this flowing water† (Hesse 100). Introspection, or an inner contemplation, is one of the main precepts being pushed forward by Siddhartha which further suggests the idea that each individual must take time to isolate one’s self from others in order to be able to focus and to introspect. This idea can be rooted from one of Siddhartha’s life-transforming moments. The religious experience of Siddhartha began after his encounter with a sick man, a poor man, a beggar and a corpse that revealed unto him the idea that humanity is filled with sorrow brought about by the sufferings in life . Being isolated away from the outside world after being confined within his home for almost the entire duration of his early years, Siddhartha began to realize the deeper side of life after the experience. He decided to leave behind his previous lifestyle and pursued, instead, a life of intense asceticism. However, Siddhartha realized that to live one’s life is to neither live in excessive abundance of wealth and material possessions nor in extreme plainness after overhearing a teacher discussing music. In the end, he pursed the Middle Way, or the way of life that takes the middle path instead of the extremes . These aspects hold the key to understanding the Buddhists’ primary religious experience which is significantly felt, at least in modern times, in the social context of teaching others the way of living life in the Middle Path through a life of internal contemplation or personal reflection. As Siddhartha dedicated his life to pursuing the Middle Path after his yogic meditations, followers of the Buddhist religion later on adopted this method as one of the cornerstones or identities of their group. This suggests the idea that the religious experience of Buddhists in general is strongly tied to a personal level as its most basic foundation. Manifested through yogic meditations, Buddhist monks of today incorporate in their daily lives these principles . Moreover, it can be observed that Islam calls for a life that is centered on Allah while Hinduism, as exemplified by the life of Gandhi, calls for a life that should be dedicated towards the lives of others . It is religious imperative in Islam that Muslims should direct their lives towards revering Allah in every thought and action and that, correspondingly, the religious experience of every Muslim should all the more reflect their strong attachment to Allah (Boyd 69). As Mohammed himself is the foremost Muslim who has been able to fully actualize this thought, it remained an integral part in the lives of the millions of Muslims all around the world. This incorporates the idea that the religious experience of a single individual—the prophet Mohammed—has greatly affected the succeeding generations that came to follow the same path. While Islam essentially requires the primordial importance of Allah, Hinduism has been closely attached to the sense that it is a religion that is centered on others. The same holds true for Buddhism although the religion reflects reverence to â€Å"the Awakened One† or Buddha and that Hinduism itself has its own versions of celestial entities or â€Å"Devas† as well as the concept of â€Å"Brahman† which refers to the greater Self or God. These things constitute the belief that, although Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam have parallel ideas of higher beings or divine entities, it appears that Islamic treatment for a higher being supersedes those of the other two. This can be rooted out from the fact that the scriptures of Islam and its religious followers and believers put Allah above everything else while Hinduism and Buddhism, through their yogic meditations, allow or give due importance to the self as well. This is not to say that Islam as a religion does not give due importance to its believers. It only entails the idea that Islam treats man as a being that should be placed under Allah and that Hinduism and Buddhism illustrate a rather more salient consideration for the welfare of man. Mahatma Gandhi, for example, showed his concern for others by teaching the poor exploited peasants in the region of Champaran in Bihar about the satyagraha, inquiring about their sufferings, educating them to fight for their rights and at the same time to carry out their obligations to the nation as a whole . Siddhartha, on the other hand, lived his forty-five years traveling along the country, finding sustenance on the alms given by other people after teaching the people the means that will liberate humanity from worldly sufferings . Moreover, one of the notable religious experiences of both Gandhi and Siddhartha is pegged on the idea that they both waged a â€Å"battle† in terms of forwarding their beliefs in the context of their religion. While Gandhi strived for peaceful measures—passive resistance, for example—in order to achieve his aim for a peaceful world with equality among religions and Siddhartha pushed his ideologies of liberating humanity from the worldly sufferings they experience through teaching them the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, Mohammed took a rather different approach. The fact that Mohammed engaged in jihad or in battles through the â€Å"sword† reveals the idea that Mohammed will take up arms in defending the religion against aggressors or in forwarding Islamic tenets. Thus, it can be argued that the religious experience of Mohammed, or at least the part in which he waged battles in his religious life, is distinctively different from those of Gandhi and Siddhartha. The differences in the religious experiences among the three can be largely seen on their corresponding actions and exploits during their existence and the resulting consequences it created on their religions. This also affects these religions view on disasters. Jihad is indubitably a central part of Islam; Yogic meditations play a significant role in Buddhism and Hinduism with former embracing the Middle Path and the latter guiding the lives of its believers through its sacred texts. The Qur’an greatly emphasizes the idea that Allah should be above everything else; Hinduism seeks to treat everyone and every other religion their due recognition in the sense that to each is his own truth or, at the most, God; and Buddhism’s goal is to free human beings from suffering and the cycle of rebirth and make them know the â€Å"truth†. Conclusion The religious experiences of Mahatma Gandhi, Siddhartha Gautama, and Mohammed all have a great bearing on the religions they belong to. These individuals have a large sum of contributions not only to the expansion of the reaches of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam but on the very central precepts of these religions. Although each of them has their own specific religious experiences and beliefs, and that while it may be true that each of them forwards distinctive approaches in meeting their religious goals, they all nevertheless share the parallel idea that religion is a significant section of their lives. In essence, however, their respective cultural background, geographical location, and family ties among many others have strongly shaped their religious experiences which, as a consequence, influenced their religion. Above all these, by comparing and contrasting the lives of Mohammed, Siddhartha and Gandhi, one is able to better understand some of the main—and oftentimes subtle—differences between these religions view on disasters in life. References: Aly, A. The Life of the Prophet Muhammad. 1999. (October 3, 1999): ATT Knowledge Ventures. April 2008. http://home. att. net/~a. f. aly/muhammad. htm. Borman, William. Life, the Chief Value: Wrong Aims and Methods, and False Views. Boyd, Stephen Blake. Malcolm Xs Religious Pilgrimage: From Black Separatism to a Universal Way. Redeeming Men: Religion and Masculinities. Ed. Stephen Blake Boyd. Louisville, Ky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996. 69. Gandhi and Non-Violence. Albany, N. Y. : State University of New York Press, 1986. 200. Gandhi, Mahatma. An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Long Island, N. Y. : Buccaneer Books Inc, 2007. Hesse, Hermann. Siddhartha. New York: Bantam Classics, 1981. Levine, Marvin. The Story of Siddhartha. The Positive Psychology of Buddhism and Yoga: Paths to a Mature Happiness: With a Special Application to Handling Anger. Mahwah, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , 2000. 12. Life of Siddhartha Gautama. 2002. Human Ecology. April 2008. http://199. 33. 141. 196/courses/idm2002/leung/rootbiography/pages/Life/lifemain. html. Mahatma Gandhi: His Life in Pictures. New Delhi: The Central Electric Press, 1954. Neusner, Jacob, and Tamara Sonn. Jihad (Islam). Comparing Religions through Law: Judaism and Islam. New York: Routledge, 2002. 203. Some Thoughts on the Power of Focused, Principled Hatred. Imperial Hubris: Why the West Is Losing the War on Terror. Washington, D. C. : Brasseys Books, 2004. 6. Swenson, Don. The Dilemma of Delimitation: The Study of Ethos. Society, Spirituality, and the Sacred: A Social Scientific Introduction. Peterborough, Ont. , Canada: New York Broadview Press, 1999. 255. Yob, Iris M. Growing up Buddhist. Keys to Interfaith Parenting. Hauppauge, N. Y. : Barrons, 1998. 79.